Corrado Ricci, _L’Arte dei Bambini_ (1887), p. 6. ----- [Illustration: Fig. 2.] This first attempt to outline the human form is, no doubt, characterised by a high degree of arbitrary symbolism. The use of a rude form of circle to set forth the human head reminds one of the employment by living savage tribes of the same form as the symbol of a house (hut?), a wreath, and so forth.[236] Yet there is a measure of resemblance even in this abstract symbolism: the circle does roughly resemble the contour of the head: as, indeed, the square or rectangle may be said less obviously to do when hair and whiskers and the horizontal line of the hat break the curved line. ----- Footnote 236: See Von den Steinen, _op. cit._, p. 247. ----- [Illustration: Fig. 3.] But it is not the mere contour which represents the face: it is a circle picked out with features. These, however vaguely indicated, are an integral part of the facial scheme. This is illustrated in the fact that among the drawings by savages and others collected by General Pitt-Rivers, one, executed by an adult negro of Uganda, actually omits the contour, the human head being represented merely by an arrangement of dark patches and circles for eyes, ears, etc. (Fig. 3).[237] ----- Footnote 237: These drawings, of the highest interest to the student of child-art as well as to the anthropologist, are to be seen in the General’s Museum at Farnham (Dorset) (7th room). ----- Coming now to the mode of representing the features, we find at an early stage of this schematic delineation an attempt to differentiate and individualise features, not only by giving definite position but by a rough imitation of form. Thus we get the vertical line as indicating the direction of the nose, the horizontal line that of the mouth, and either a rounded dot or a circular line as representative of the curved outline of the eye—whether that of the iris, of the visible part of the eyeball, or of the orbital cavity. A precisely similar scheme appears in the drawings of savages.[238] ----- Footnote 238: Schoolcraft has a good example of this facial scheme in the drawing of a man shooting (_The Indian Tribes of the United States_, i., pl. 48). ----- [Illustration: Fig. 4 (_a_). Fig. 4 (_b_).]