At first the child is grandly indifferent to completeness in the
enumeration of features. Even ‘the two eyes, a nose and a mouth’ are
often imperfectly represented. Thus when dots are used we may have one
or more specks ranging, according to M. Perez, up to five.[239] The use
of a single dot for facial feature in general has its parallel in the
art of savage tribes.[240] It is, however, I think, most common to
introduce three dots in a triangular arrangement, presumably for eyes
and mouth,—a device again which reappears in the art of uncivilised
races.[241] Even when the young draughtsman has reached the stage of
distinguishing the features he may be quite careless about number and
completeness. Thus a feature may be omitted altogether. This funnily
enough happens most frequently in the case of that one which seems to us
‘grown-ups’ most self-assertive and most resentful of indignity, _viz._,
the nose. These moon-faces with two eyes and a mouth are very common
among the first drawings of children. The mouth, on the other hand, is
much less frequently omitted. The same thing seems to hold good of the
drawings of savages.[242] The eyes are rarely omitted. The single dot
may perhaps be said to stand for ‘eye’. Some drawings of savages have
the two eyes and no other feature, as in the accompanying example from
Andree, plate 3 (Fig. 4 (_a_)). On the other hand, a child will, as we
have seen, sometimes content himself with one eye. This holds good not
only where the dot is used but after something like an eye-circle is
introduced, as in the accompanying drawing by a Jamaica girl of seven
(Fig. 4 (_b_)).
-----
Footnote 239:
_L’Art et la Poésie chez l’Enfant_, p. 186.
Footnote 240:
For an illustration see Andree, _Eth. Parallelen und Vergleiche_, pl.
3, fig. 19.
Footnote 241:
See for an example, Schoolcraft, iv., pl. 18.
Footnote 242:
According to Stanley Hall the nose comes after the mouth. This may be
an approximate generalisation, but there are evidently exceptions to
it. On the practice of savage draughtsmen see the illustrations of
Australian cave drawings in Andree, _op. cit._, p. 159. _Cf._ the
drawings of Brazilian tribes, plate iii., 15. In some cases there
seems a preference for the nose, certain of the Brazilian drawings
representing facial features merely by a vertical stroke.
-----
[Illustration: Fig. 4 (_c_).—Moustache = horizontal line above curve of
cap.]
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