Studies of the Greek Poets (Vol 1 of 2)Symonds, John Addington
History
Studies of the Greek Poets (Vol 1 of 2)
Symonds, John Addington
Greek poetry -- History and criticism
These two passages suffice to prove how freely Pindar handled the
myths, not indeed exposing them to the corrosive action of mere
scepticism, but testing them[115] by the higher standard of the healthy
human conscience. When he refuses to believe that the immortals were
cannibals and ate the limbs of Pelops, he is like a rationalist avowing
his disbelief in the savage doctrine of eternal damnation. His doubt
does not proceed from irreligion, but from faith in the immutable
holiness of the gods, who set the ideal standard of human morality.
What seems to him false in the myths he attributes to the accretions of
ignorant opinion and vain fancy round the truth.
The mystical element of Pindar's creed, whether we call it Orphic or
Pythagorean, is remarkable for a definite belief in the future life,
including a system of rewards and punishments; for the assertion of
the supreme tribunal of conscience,[116] and, finally, for a reliance
on rites of purification. The most splendid passage in which these
opinions are expressed by Pindar is that portion of the second Olympian
in which he describes the torments of the wicked and the blessings of
the just beyond the grave:
"Among the dead, sinful souls at once pay penalty, and the
crimes done in this realm of Zeus are judged beneath the earth
by one who gives sentence under dire necessity.
"But the good, enjoying perpetual sunlight equally by night and
day, receive a life more free from woes than this of ours;
they trouble not the earth with strength of hand, nor the water
of the sea for scanty sustenance; but with the honored of the
gods, all they who delighted in the keeping of their oath pass
a tearless age: the others suffer woe on which no eye can bear
to look. Those who have thrice endured on either side the grave
to keep their spirits wholly free from crime, journey on the
road of Zeus to the tower of Kronos: where round the islands
blow breezes ocean-borne; and flowers of gold burn some on
the land from radiant trees, and others the wave feeds; with
necklaces whereof they twine their hands and brows, in the just
decrees of Rhadamanthus, whom father Kronos has for a perpetual
colleague, he who is spouse of Rhea throned above all gods.
"Peleus and Cadmus are numbered among these: and thither was
Achilles brought by his mother when she swayed the heart of
Zeus with prayer: he who slew Hector, the invincible firm
pillar of Troy, and gave Cycnus to death and Eo's Æthiopian
son."
The following fragments from threnoi[117] translated by Professor
Conington further illustrate Pindar's belief in a future state of weal
or woe:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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