Studies of the Greek Poets (Vol 1 of 2)Symonds, John Addington
History
Studies of the Greek Poets (Vol 1 of 2)
Symonds, John Addington
Greek poetry -- History and criticism
"Verily shall we save thee yet this time, fierce Achilles; but
close at hand is thy doomsday. Nor of this are we the cause,
but great God in heaven and resistless fate. For neither was
it by our sloth or sluggishness that Trojans stripped the
arms from Patroclus his shoulders; but of gods the best, whom
fair-haired Leto bare, slew him among the foremost, and gave to
Hector glory of the deed. We, though we should run apace with
Zephyr's breath, the fleetest, as 'tis said, yet for thee it is
decreed to perish by the might of God and man.
"When he had thus spoken the Erinnyes stayed his voice; and,
high in wrath, fleet-foot Achilles answered him:
"Xanthus! why prophesy my death? Thou hast no call. Right well
know I, too, that it is my fate to perish here, far from dear
sire and mother; yet for all this will I not surcease before I
satiate the Trojans with war.
"He spoke, and vanward held his steeds with mighty yell."
This dialogue between Achilles and Xanthus is not without great
importance. Homer is about to show the hero raging in carnage,
exulting over suppliants and slain foes, terrible in his ferocity. It
is consistent with the whole character of Achilles, who is fiery, of
indomitable fury, that he should act thus. Stung as he is by remorse
and by the sorrow for Patroclus, which does not unnerve him, but rather
kindles his whole spirit to a flame, we are prepared to see him fierce
even to cruelty. But when we know that in the midst of the carnage he
is himself moving a dying man, when we remember that he is sending his
slain foes like messengers before his face to Hades, when we keep the
warning words of Thetis and of Xanthus in our minds, then the grim
frenzy of Achilles becomes dignified. The world is in a manner over for
him, and he appears the incarnation of disdainful anger and revengeful
love, the conscious scourge of God and instrument of destiny. We need
not go through the details of the battle, in which Achilles drives the
Trojans before him, and is only withheld by the direct interposition
of the gods from carrying Ilium by assault. To borrow a simile from
Dante, his foes are like frogs scurrying away from the approach of
their great foe, the water-snake. Then follow the episode of Lycaon's
slaughter, the fight with the river-gods, and the death of Hector. To
the assembled Greeks Achilles cries (xxii. 386):
"By the ships, a corpse, unburied, unbewailed, lies Patroclus;
but of him I will not be unmindful so long as I abide among
the living and my knees have movement. Nay, should there be
oblivion of the dead in Hades, yet I even there will remember
my loved comrade. But rise, ye youths of Achaia, and singing
Pæan, let us hasten to the ships, and take this slain man with
us. Great glory have we got. Divine Hector have we slain, to
whom the Trojans in their city prayed as to a god."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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