Three Periods in Attic History.--The Three Kinds of Comedy: Old, Middle, New.--Approximation of Comedy to the Type of Tragedy.--Athenæus as the Source of Comic Fragments.--Fragments of the Old Comedy.--Satire on Women.--Parasites.--Fragments of the Middle Comedy.--Critique of Plato and the Academic Philosophers.--Literary Criticism.--Passages on Sleep and Death.--Attic Slang.--The Demi-monde.--Theophrastus and the Later Rhetoricians.--Cooks and Cookery-books.--Difficulty of Defining the Middle from the New Comedy.--Menander.--Sophocles and Menander.--Epicureanism.--Menander's Sober Philosophy of Life.--Goethe on Menander.--Philemon.--The Comedy of Manners culminated in Menander.--What we mean by Modernism.--Points of Similarity and Difference between Ancient and Modern Comedy.--The Freedom of Modern Art. Page 216 CHAPTER XX. _THE IDYLLISTS._ Theocritus: his Life.--The Canon of his Poems.--The Meaning of the Word Idyl.--Bucolic Poetry in Greece, Rome, Modern Europe.--The Scenery of Theocritus.--Relation of Southern Nature to Greek Mythology and Greek Art.--Rustic Life and Superstitions.--Feeling for Pure Nature in Theocritus.--How Distinguished from the same Feeling in Modern Poets.--Galatea.--Pharmaceutria.--Hylas.--Greek Chivalry.--The Dioscuri.--Thalysia.--Bion.--The Lament for Adonis.--Moschus.--Europa.--Megara.--Lament for Bion.--The Debts of Modern Poets to the Idyllists. Page 240 CHAPTER XXI. _THE ANTHOLOGY._ The History of its Compilation.--Collections of Meleager, Philippus, Agathias, Cephalas, Planudes.--The Palatine MS.--The Sections of the Anthology.--Dedicatory Epigrams.--Simonides.--Epitaphs: Real and Literary.--Callimachus.--Epigrams on Poets.--Antipater of Sidon.--Hortatory Epigrams.--Palladas.--Satiric Epigrams.--Lucillius.--Amatory Epigrams.--Meleager, Straton, Philodemus, Antipater, Rufinus, Paulus Silentiarius, Agathias, Plato.--Descriptive Epigrams. Page 281 CHAPTER XXII. _HERO AND LEANDER._ Virgil's Mention of this Tale.--Ovid and Statius.--Autumnal Poetry.--Confusion between the Mythical Musæus and the Grammarian.--The Introduction of the Poem.--Analysis of the Story.--Hallam's Judgment on Marlowe's _Hero and Leander_.--Comparison of Marlowe and Musæus.--Classic and Romantic Art. Page 345 CHAPTER XXIII. _THE GENIUS OF GREEK ART._ Separation between the Greeks and us.--Criticism.--Greek Sense of Beauty.--Greek Morality.--Greece, Rome, Renaissance, the Modern Spirit. Page 363 CHAPTER XXIV. _CONCLUSION._