Comparisons: The _honey locust_ (_Gleditsia triacanthos_) can be told from the black locust by the differences in their bark. In the honey locust the bark is not ridged, has a sort of dark iron-gray color and is often covered with clusters of stout, sharp-pointed thorns as in Fig. 83. The fruit is a large pod often remaining on the tree through the winter. This tree has an ornamental, but no commercial value. [Illustration: FIG. 83.--Bark of the Honey Locust.] HARDY CATALPA (_Catalpa speciosa_) Distinguishing characters: The tree may be told by its *fruit*, which hang in long slender pods all winter. The leaf-scars appear on the stem in whorls of three and rarely opposite each other. Form and size: The catalpa has a short, thick and twisted trunk with an irregular head. Range: Central and eastern United States. [Illustration: FIG. 84.--Hardy Catalpa Trees.] [Illustration: FIG. 85.--Bark of the Flowering Dogwood.] Soil and location: It grows naturally on low bottom-lands but will also do well in poor, dry soils. Enemies: Practically free from disease and insects. Value for planting: The catalpa grows very rapidly and is cultivated in parks for ornament and in groves for commercial purposes. The _hardy catalpa_ is preferable to the _common catalpa_ for planting. Commercial value: The wood is extremely durable in contact with the soil and is consequently used for posts and railroad ties. Other characters: The _flowers_, which appear in late June and early July, are large, white and very showy. Other common names: _Indian bean_; _western catalpa_. Comparisons: The _white flowering dogwood_ (_Cornus florida_) is a small tree which also has its leaves in whorls of three or sometimes opposite. It can be readily told from other trees, however, by the small square plates into which the outer bark on the trunk divides itself, see Fig. 85, and by the characteristic drooping character of its branches. It is one of the most common plants in our eastern deciduous forests. It is extremely beautiful both in the spring and in the fall and is frequently planted for ornament. There are many varieties of dogwood in common use. WHITE MULBERRY (_Morus alba_) A small tree recognized by its _small round reddish brown buds_ and _light brown, finely furrowed_ (wavy looking) _bark_. The tree, probably a native of China, is grown under cultivation in eastern Canada and United States. It grows rapidly in moist soil and is not fastidious in its light requirements. Its chief value is for screening and for underplanting in woodlands.