PUBLICATIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE [Illustration] _Studies on Epidemic Influenza_ COMPRISING CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS BY MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 1919 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page History and Epidemiology of Epidemic Influenza 9–33 James I. Johnston, M.D., F.A.C.P., Assistant Professor of Medicine. A Clinical Description of Influenza as It Appeared in the Epidemic of 1918–19 35–63 J. A. Lichty, Ph.M., M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine. The Urine and Blood in Epidemic Influenza 65–79 P. I. Zeedick, M.D., Demonstrator in Medicine. The Treatment of Influenza 81–95 W. W. G. Maclachlan, M.D., C.M., Assistant Professor of Medicine. The Prevention of Epidemic Influenza with Special Reference to Vaccine Prophylaxis 97–153 S. R. Haythorn, M.D., Director of the Singer Memorial Research Laboratories. Physiological and Physiological Chemical Observations in Epidemic Influenza 155–160 C. C. Guthrie, Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Physiology. The Bacteriology of Epidemic Influenza with a Discussion of B. Influenzæ as the Cause of This and Other Infective Processes 161–205 W. L. Holman, B.A., M.D., Professor of Bacteriology. The Pathology of Epidemic Influenza 207–293 Oskar Klotz, M.D., C.M., Professor of Pathology. PREFACE This report is based upon a series of investigations carried on during the epidemic of influenza at Pittsburgh. This epidemic reached Pittsburgh about the last week of September, 1918, rapidly spreading through the community during the first days of October. Pittsburgh had been warned of its coming through the experience of Boston, where the epidemic made its appearance during the late days of August. To a certain extent the warning from the East permitted the making of preparations to control its ravages. But even with the attempt for the protection of public health the epidemic advanced with all its virulence, rapidly picking out the susceptible individuals and leading to a high death rate.