Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationsUniversity of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
History
Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
Influenza; Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
At the request of the Department of Public Health of the city of
Pittsburgh, the writer undertook to prepare Parke’s vaccine in large
quantities. The vaccine was to be prepared under the direction of a
committee consisting of Drs. Oskar Klotz, W. L. Holman, E. W. Willetts,
George L. Hoffman and the writer, and the vaccine was to be turned over
to the City Health authorities for distribution in the community. The
work was carried out at the Singer Memorial Laboratory, and was begun
the same day that the committee was appointed. Thirteen strains of
Pfeiffer bacilli were used. Holman contributed six strains, isolated at
autopsies done by Klotz at the Magee Hospital. Other fresh cultures were
furnished by Willetts; Wiese, of the City Laboratory, and by the Singer
Laboratory. The media used was that recommended by the New York Board of
Health, save that sheep’s blood was used instead of horse blood because
of convenience. The same technique was employed, with the exception that
a modification of the Hopkins method of standardization was used instead
of the Wright method. This was done because Pfeiffer bacilli are
extremely small, tend to form unbreakable clumps and tangles, and so
increase the difficulties of making satisfactory counts, either by means
of the Wright method or with the Helber-Glynn counting chamber, that the
methods are independable. Opalescent standards permit of such enormous
variations that it was decided to use the Hopkins method, or a slight
modification which we found so satisfactory that we will give our method
here in detail.
_Method of Standardization_
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