Footnote 22: See Pasteur, _Mémoire sur les Générations dites Spontanées_ (_Annales de Chimie et de Physique_, t. lxiv. 3^e série, année 1862). Footnote 23: See my _Mémoire sur les Générations dites Spontanées_, already cited. Footnote 24: Jules Duval (of Versailles), _Nouveaux faits concernant la mutabilité des germes microscopiques. Rôle passif des êtres classés sous le nom de ferments._ (See the _Journal d’Anatomie et de Physiologie_, edited by C. Robin, Sept. and Oct. 1874, and _Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, Nov. 1874). M. Béchamps had previously fallen into similar errors. Footnote 25: On this subject see the observations of M. Coste (_Compte-rendus de l’Académie_, t. lix. pp. 149 and 358, 1864). Footnote 26: Chauveau’s experiments were directed to show that the operation _bistournage_, employed by veterinary surgeons for castrating animals by twisting and subcutaneous rupture of the spermatic cord, an operation which, though leading to the mortification and subsequent absorption of the testicles, is commonly attended with no other mischief to the animal, does, nevertheless, lead to septic effects of a serious character, provided that septic germs—decomposing serum containing _vibrios_, for example—be introduced into the blood current. From the fact that the operation is ordinarily harmless, M. Chauveau concludes that septic organisms are not produced by the action of the constituent gases of the atmosphere—always present in the blood—upon albuminous matter when outside vital influences; whilst, from the success of the direct experiment of introducing septic germs, he concludes that the phenomena always arise from the actual presence of such germs.—D. C. R. Footnote 27: See Pasteur, _Mémoire sur les Générations dites Spontanées_, pp. 51 and 52, 1862. Footnote 28: DAVAINNE, _Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, t. lvii. p. 220, 1863. COZE and FELTZ, _Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur les maladies infectieuses_, Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1872. Summary of all their works published before 1865. Dr. LISTER, Medical and surgical journals, particularly the _Lancet_, 1865-67. Dr. GUÉRIN, _Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, March 23, 1874, and May 28, 1874, also the Report of M. Gosselin, December, 1854. Dr. SÉDILLOT, _Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, November, 1874, t. lxxix. p. 1108. PASTEUR, _Mémoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique_. (_Annales de Chimie et de Physique_, t. lii. 3^e _série_, 1875.)—_Animalcules infusoires, vivant sans gaz oxygène libre et déterminant des fermentations._ (_Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, t. lii. 1861.)—_Recherches sur la putréfaction._ (_Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, t. lvi. 1863.) GOSSELIN, ROBIN, and PASTEUR, _Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, January 5, 1874. _Urines ammoniacales._