Studies on Fermentation: The diseases of beer, their causes, and the means of preventing themPasteur, Louis
Science
Studies on Fermentation: The diseases of beer, their causes, and the means of preventing them
Pasteur, Louis
Beer; Fermentation
On December 13th, 1872, we sowed the little plant in a state of purity,
by means of a piece of platinum wire, in the manner already explained in
connection with propagation of other fungoid growths. On December 19th a
young and thin film of _mycoderma aceti_ covered the surface of the
liquid. We then poured out the liquid through the right-hand tube, at
the same time heating the end of the bent tube, to purify the air that
passed into the flask. The whole film of _mycoderma aceti_ remained
adhering to the interior sides of the flask during this decanting. The
question then was how to convey this film of the little plant into a
saccharine liquid of a particular kind. We effected this easily by the
following means: After having emptied the flask, as just described,
instead of re-closing the india-rubber nozzle on the end of the
right-hand tube, we attached it to a test-flask containing the
saccharine liquid on which we wished to operate. This had been
previously boiled in the test-flask, and when we attached the neck of
the test-flask, previously slightly drawn out and curved, to the
india-rubber tube, the liquid was still very warm. We permitted the
liquid in the test-flask to cool down, and, then, taking up the
test-flask, we decanted its contents into the other flask, in which, as
we have already said, the film of _mycoderma aceti_ had been left. In
this way the film became partly submerged, partly spread over the
surface of the new liquid. Experiments were made with two saccharine
liquids, must and wort. In the case of the latter, from December 22nd
the whole surface of the liquid was covered by a film of _mycoderma
aceti_, which even spread up the moist sides of the flask above the
level of the liquid. In the case of the must, on the other hand, the
plant for some time did not seem to be developing; on December 24th,
however, it was visibly spreading over the surface of the must. The
following days we frequently shook up the films to separate them, and
spread them over the subjacent liquid. There were no signs of alcoholic
fermentation.
On December 30th we introduced several grammes (50 or 60 grains) of
carbonate of lime into each of the flasks, an operation of little
difficulty, which we effected in a manner similar to that just
described. We substituted for the test-flask another flask—or, better
still, a simple glass tube—containing carbonate of lime that had been
subjected to great heat in the flask or tube, and there left to cool
down. When cold, we poured the powdered carbonate of lime into the
liquid in the flask, in this way avoiding the possibility of any error
from the introduction with the carbonate of lime of any foreign germ.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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