Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
The Homeric tradition with respect to Cinyres is supported to some
extent from without[354]. Apollodorus so far agrees with it as to
report, that Cinyres migrated from the neighbouring Asiatic continent
into Cyprus with a body of followers, founded Paphos, and married the
daughter of the king of the island. Apollodorus, Pindar, and Ovid, all
treat Cinyres in a way which especially connects him with the worship
of Venus, as though he had introduced it into the island; and it is
observable, that the points at which we find this deity in contact with
the race are all in Asia, or on the way from it, that is to say, Troas,
Cyprus, and lastly, Cythera: as if it were not original to the Greeks,
but engrafted, and gradually taking its hold. Sandacus was, according
to Apollodorus, the father of Cinyres, and had come from Syria into
Cilicia.
The process which we thus seem to see going forward in the Pelasgian
countries, and which was probably further exemplified in the Greek
migrations to the coast of Asia Minor, was grounded in the natural,
if we mean by the natural the ordinary, course of things. In the last
century, John Wesley said, that the religious and orderly habits of
his followers would make them wealthy, and that then their wealth
would destroy their religion. So in all likelihood it was the peaceful
habits of the Pelasgians that made their settlements attractive to the
spoiler. They thus invited aggression, which their political genius and
organization were not strong enough to repel; and the power of their
ancient but feeble sovereignties passed over into the hands of families
or tribes more capable of permanently retaining it, and of wielding it
with vigour and effect.
_Negative argument from Homer._
I must not, however, pass from the subject of Homeric testimony
respecting the Pelasgi, without adverting to one important negative
part of it.
It must be observed, that, as anterior to the three appellatives which
he ordinarily applies to the Greeks of the Trojan war collectively,
Homer uses no name whatever other than the Pelasgic, which is not of
limited and local application. Neither Ἀχαιοὶ, Ἀργεῖοι, nor Δαναοὶ,
bear any one sign of being the proper designation of the original
settlers and inhabitants of all Greece: and if the name for them be
not Πελασγοὶ, there certainly is no other name whatever which can
compete for the honour, none which has the same marks at once of great
antiquity, and of covering a wide range of the country. And if, as I
trust, it shall hereafter be shown, that all these came from abroad
as strangers into a country already occupied, there then will be a
presumption of no mean force arising even out of this negative, to the
effect that the Pelasgians were the original base of the Greek nation,
while we are also entitled to affirm, upon the evidence of Homer, that
their race extended beyond the limits of Greece.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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