Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
According to Strabo, the Pelasgi were the most ancient race which
had held power in Greece: τῶν περὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα δυναστευσάντων
ἀρχαιότατοι[378]. In the same place he calls the oracle of Dodona
Πελασγῶν ἵδρυμα, a Pelasgian foundation. He expressly supports the
construction which has been given above to the Πελασγικὸν Ἄργος of
Homer[379], in the words τὸ Πελασγικὸν Ἄργος ἡ Θετταλία λέγεται, and he
defines the country by the Peneus, Pindus, and Thermopylæ. He traces
the Pelasgi in a multitude of particular places, and, on the authority
of Ephorus, mentions Πελασγία as a name of Peloponnesus. He also gives
us that fragment of Euripides, which states, in harmony with the
testimony of Æschylus, that Danaus came to Greece, founded the city of
Inachus, and changed the name of the inhabitants from Pelasgiotes to
Danaans.
Πελασγιώτας δ’ ὠνομασμένους τὸ πρὶν
Δαναοὺς καλεῖσθαι νόμον ἔθηκ’ ἀν’ Ἑλλάδα.
And Strabo considers that both the Pelasgiote and the Danaan name,
together with that of the Hellenes, were covered by the Argive or
Argeian name on account of the fame, to which the city of Argos
rose[380].
The writings of Dionysius of Halicarnassus probably represent all, that
a sound judgment could gather from the records and traditions extant in
his time[381]. He pronounces confidently, that the Pelasgian race was
Hellenic; which I take to mean, that it was one of the component parts
of the body afterwards called Hellenic, not that the early Pelasgi were
included among the early Hellenes. He considers that the race came from
Peloponnesus, where many believed it to be autochthonic, into Thessaly,
under Achæus, Phthius, and Pelasgus. It was unfortunate, as in other
respects, so in being driven to frequent migrations. This idea of the
frequent displacement of the Pelasgians was probably the product in the
main of the two facts, first, that traces of them were found at many
widely separated points, and secondly, that, according to tradition,
they had sunk into a position of inferiority.
K. O. Müller, proceeding chiefly on the post-Homeric tradition, has
strongly summed up the evidence as to the Pelasgi, to the following
effect.
They were the original inhabitants of the plains and flat bottoms of
the valleys, any one of which the ancients called by the name Ἄργος, as
we see by the plains of the Peneus, and of the Inachus. If, as Strabo
holds, this use of the word was in his time modern, and Macedonian or
Thessalian, it may still have been a revival of a primitive usage,
even as the very old word Γραικὸς had come back into use with the
Alexandrian poets, through the old common tongue of Macedonia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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