Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
So also the name πελαργοὶ, meaning storks, has been taken to be the
foundation of Πελασγοί; and the explanation has been given, that the
stork is a migratory bird, and that the Pelasgi were called after it
on account of their wanderings.
This explanation, which seems worse than the former, rests in part
upon a statement of Herodotus misconstrued. He calls the Dorians ἔθνος
πουλυπλάνητον κάρτα[403], and this has been erroneously applied to the
Pelasgians, of whom, on the contrary, he says, οὐδαμῆ κω ἐξεχώρησε.
This statement from a writer of the age of Herodotus, fully neutralises
the statement of Dionysius, who describes them as itinerant, and never
securely settled[404]. He may, indeed, mean no more than Thucydides
means, when he says (i. 2), that the occupants of good soils were
the most liable to dispossession. But does this idea of itinerancy
correspond with the migrations of the stork, which seem to have
reference to the steady periodical variations of climate, and to be as
far as possible from the idea implied in ‘much-roving?’
It appears to have been the understood characteristic of that bird,
to draw to and dwell about the settled habitations of men. It seems
highly improbable, and without precedent, that a widely spread nation
should take its name from a bird: but may not the bird have taken its
name from the nation? If it were a nation emphatically of settlers,
as opposed to pirates, robbers, nomads, and rovers of all kinds,
dwelling with comfort in fixed abodes, as opposed to the ἀνιπτόποδες
χαμαίευναι[405], might not birds, which seemed to share these
settlements, be reasonably named after the people?
It by no means appears as if Aristophanes, in the passage where
he uses the term, intended a mere pun. It is in the comedy of the
Birds[406], and is an allusion to that law of the Athenians, evidently
here signified under the name of storks, which required children to
provide for their parents[407]. The passage is clearly a testimony to
the Pelasgic origin of the Athenians: and it may be based upon the
belief, that the storks took their name from the Pelasgi, and that
the similarity lay in their habit of settling on the roofs of houses
and the like, almost as if inhabitants, in the villages of which the
Pelasgi were the first Greek founders. It also gives room for the
conjecture that Πελαργοὶ may have been the old form of the name.
The stork, it may be remembered, was one of the sacred birds of the
Egyptians.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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