Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
It was probably greater security, which gave this advantage, in
early times, to Southern over Northern and Midland Greece. Only one
narrow neck of land led into the Peloponnesus, and that passage was
so circuitous, or dangerous, or both, that it was not the highway of
immigrant tribes, who seem usually to have crossed the Corinthian gulf
into Elis. This tract of land had not indeed the whole, but it had
much, of the advantage enjoyed by England. It was not quite, but it was
almost,
A precious stone, set in the silver sea,
Which serves it in the office of a wall,
Or as a moat defensive to a house[400].
When reached, it was the highway to nothing. The fat lands of Bœotia
were a road onwards for all who came from Thessaly: there was here a
choice between barrenness and poverty, on the one hand, like those of
Attica in early times, and insecurity of tenure in the rich soils,
which were the object of desire to each tribe as it went upon its
march. The Peloponnesus was richer than the one, far more secure than
the other: it throve accordingly; and in the Trojan war this small
territory supplied four hundred and thirty ships, probably including
the greatest number of large vessels, while the other two divisions of
continental Greece together gave no more than five hundred and thirty.
And it seems to have had altogether a more vigorous and concentrated
political organisation; for while the five hundred and thirty were in
fifteen divisions, under twenty-six leaders, the Peloponnesian force
was in six divisions, under nine leaders only, and of the six three at
least, namely, those of Mycenæ, Lacedæmon, and Arcadia, were virtually
under the direct command of Agamemnon.
_Derivation of the Pelasgian name._
Various derivations have been suggested for the name of the Pelasgi.
Some will have it to come from Peleg, mentioned in the tenth chapter
of Genesis, whose name, said to mean division, is taken to allude to
the partition of the earth’s surface among the various tribes of the
human race. Marsh well observes, that this amounts to no more than
possibility: that the meaning of the word will not serve to attach
it to the Pelasgi in particular, as in the early ages of the world
migration, with partition and repartition, was a continuous process:
and that, even if true, it tells us nothing of them antecedent to their
European settlement[401]: nothing, that is to say, of a material kind,
except what we know independently of it, viz. their being, in common
with all other races, of eastern origin. Clinton gives other reasons
for rejecting this etymology[402], while he sees force in the reference
of the names of Iapetus and Ion to Japheth and Javan respectively.
It seems plain that we could not safely build upon even a complete
similarity of name, in a case where the interval of time that separates
Peleg and Pelasgi, the terms we are to compare, is so vast and so
obscure.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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