[403] Herod. i. 56. [404] Dion. Hal. i. 17. [405] Il. xvi. 235. [406] Ὄρνιθες, v. 1359. [407] Potter’s Antiq., b. i. ch. 26. [408] Horæ Pelasg. ch. i. p. 17. [409] See Hey’s Norrisian Lectures, vol. iii. p. 142. [410] Od. v. 335. [411] Ol. vii. 104; Persæ 427; Scott and Liddell in πέλαγος. I venture to suggest πελάζω as the root, and ‘accessible,’ ‘easily travelled,’ ‘open’ (compare εὐρυαγυῖα) as the meaning. [412] Strabo, p. 327, 331. [413] Orchomenos, p. 119 and n. [414] Thuc. i. 2. SECT. IV. _On the Phœnicians, and the Outer Geography of the Odyssey._ _The Phœnicians._ The text of Homer appears to afford presumptions, if not of close affinity between the Phœnician and Hellenic races, yet of close congeniality, and of great capacity for amalgamation; although the former were of Semitic origin. The Phœnician name, as may be seen from Strabo, was widely spread through Greece: even in Homer we find the word Φοίνιξ already used, (1) for a Phœnician, (2) for a Greek proper name, (3) for purple, and (4) for the palm tree (Od. v. 163). We find the ancient family of Cadmus established as a dynasty in Bœotia, about the same time, according to the common opinion, with the earliest appearances of the Hellenic race in the Greek peninsula. We have no reason to suppose that they were themselves of Hellic extraction: but we find them invested with the same marks of political superiority as the Hellenic families, and figuring among the Greek sovereigns in successive generations. They must have ejected previous occupants: for Amphion and Zethus first settled and fortified Thebes, and they were the sons of Jupiter and Antiope[415]. Ino Leucothee, the daughter of Cadmus, was already a deity in the time of Homer. She appears in that capacity to Ulysses, when he is tossed upon the waters between Ogygia and Phæacia; that is to say, when he was still beyond the limits of the Greek or Homeric world, and within the circle of those traditions, lying in the unknown distance, which the Greeks could only derive from the most experienced and daring navigators of the time; namely, the Phœnicians. This appears to mark Ino herself, and therefore her father Cadmus, as of Phœnician birth. And accordingly we may set down the position of this family in Greece, as the earliest token of relations between Phœnicia and Greece.