Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
I have already stated, that I can hardly think Homer points out to
us more than one Dodona in the Iliad and Odyssey respectively. At
the same time, if the supposition of two Dodonas be admissible, the
circumstances suggested by him would help to account for it. For the
Dodona of the Iliad is described as Pelasgic and also Hellic: that
is, as we must I think suppose, having been Pelasgic, it had become
Hellic. The Dodona of the Odyssey (on this supposition) is Thesprotian,
that is to say Pelasgic, only. The solution would then be, that the
Pelasgians of the original Dodona, when displaced, claimed to have
carried their oracle along with them, while the Hellic intruders in
like manner set up a counter-claim to have retained it in its original
seat. The history of Christendom supplies us with cases bearing no
remote analogy to this, in connection with the removal of a great seat
of ecclesiastical power.
_Cadmeans._
_Cadmeans in Homer._
We have seen that the name of Ino Leucothee is sufficiently identified
with a circle of Phœnician and outer-world traditions. And, as her
name and position give us directly, or by suggestion, the principal
testimony borne by Homer to Cadmus her father, this will be the most
convenient place for considering his connection with Greece.
We are justified, I think, in at once assuming, first, from his
relation to Ino, that he was Phœnician; secondly, from the deification
of his daughter, that he was a ruler or prince. And thirdly, Ino
appears to Ulysses in his distress as a protecting deity. Now as, when
mortal, she had been Phœnician by extraction, and as she thus shows her
sympathies with the Hellenic race, we must assume a link between these
two facts. They would be associated in an appropriate manner, if the
family of Cadmus her father had become naturalized in the possession of
a Greek sovereignty.
Diodorus Siculus has handed down a tradition respecting Cadmus[473],
which is important from its combination with circumstantial evidence;
and which is in harmony with Homer, as it appears to represent the
Phœnician immigrant at a well known and natural resting-place on his
way towards Greece. It is to the effect, that Cadmus put into Rhodes,
built there a temple of Neptune (and here we should remember the
worship, and, as some think, the temple of Neptune[474] in Scheria),
established a line of hereditary priests, and deposited offerings to
Minerva of Lindos. Among these, there remained in after-times a finely
wrought kettle or caldron, executed in an antique style of art, and
bearing an inscription in the Phœnician character.
In connection with the name of Cadmus, we have the Homeric designations
of Καδμεῖοι and Καδμείωνες. They appear to be synonymous: but the
patronymical form of the latter corroborates the opinion that there
was an individual Cadmus from whom the names proceeded, that they were
properly dynastic, and not names taken from a nation or extended race.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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