Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
2. But where we may more reasonably suppose, in part or in whole, a
Pelasgic stock, ideas of this kind are more rarely expressed, and
another vein of etymology appears, founded on rural habits, abodes,
and pursuits, or the creation and care of worldly goods, or on other
properties or occupations less akin to political and martial pursuits,
or to high birth and station.
It is at the same time worth remark that, among the slaves of the
Odyssey, we find names of a more high-born cast than those most
current among the Pelasgians. Such as Eumæus (μάω, to desire eagerly
and strive after), Euryclea, (who moreover is daughter of Ops the son
of Peisenor,) Eurymedusa (in Scheria), and Alcippe (at Sparta[550]).
There were two causes, to which this might be referable: first, that
high-born slaves were often obtained both by kidnapping and by war;
Eumæus, as we know, was of this class. And secondly, that the names
of their lords may then, as now, have been occasionally given them.
So that the high significations connected with servile names do not
constitute an objection to the rules which have been stated.
There is another class of names, which requires especial notice. They
are those which have reference to the horse. The rearing and care of
the horse are in Homer more connected with the Trojans, than with the
Greeks: and his standing epithet, ἱπποδάμος, is more largely employed
on the Trojan side[551]. The horse was not exclusively, perhaps not
principally, employed in war and games. He was used in travelling also:
he may have been employed as a beast of burden: he certainly drew the
plough, though Homer informs us that in this occupation the mule was
preferable.
The points at which we may expect to find names chiefly Pelasgian,
besides those which are expressly given us as such, will be these three:
1. In connection with some particular parts of Greece, especially
Attica or Arcadia.
2. Among the masses of the common Greek soldiery.
3. Still more unequivocally among the masses of the Trojan force, and
of the auxiliaries generally; except the Lycians, whom we have seen
reason to presume to have been less Pelasgian, and more allied, or at
least more similar, to the Hellic races.
On the other hand we may presume Hellic blood, or what in Homer’s
estimation was akin to it, among the Lycians, and likewise wherever
we find, especially on the Greek side, any considerable collection of
names appertaining to the higher class or aristocracy of the army, or
of the country.
_Names of the Pelasgian Class._
The Homeric names, which are given us as expressly Pelasgian, are four
only; and they belong to the Pelasgian force on the Trojan side.
1. Hippothous.
2. Pulæus.
3. Lethus.
4. Teutamus[552].
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