Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
But indications even far less equivocal from an isolated passage
would be many times outweighed, in a case like that of Homer, by any
conclusion justly drawn from features, whether positive or negative,
that are rooted in the general body of the poems. Now such a conclusion
arises from the admitted and total absence of any allusion in Homer
to the general incidents of the great Dorian conquest, and to the
consequent reconstruction of the old or European Greece, or to the
migrations eastward, or to the very existence of the new Asiatic Greece
which it is supposed to have called into being. Respecting the conquest
itself, he might by a sustained effort of deliberate intention have
kept silence: but is it possible that he could have avoided betraying
by reference to results, on a thousand occasions, his knowledge of a
change which had drawn anew the whole surface of society in Greece? It
would be more rational, were we driven to it (which is not the case),
even to suppose that the passage in question had been tampered with,
than to imagine that the poet could have forborne through twenty-eight
thousand lines, to make any other reference to, or further betray his
knowledge of, events which must on this supposition have occupied for
him so large a part of the whole horizon of life and experience.
Again, the allusions to the trumpet and the riding-horse found in
illustrative passages, but not as used in the war, are by far too
slight and doubtful, to sustain the theory that Homer saw around him a
system of warfare different from that which he recorded; and require
us to adopt no supposition for the explanation of them, beyond the
very natural one that the heroic poet, without essentially changing
manners, yet, within certain limits, insensibly projects himself and
his subject from the foreground of every-day life into the mellowness
of distance; and, therefore, that he may advisedly have excluded from
his poem certain objects or practices, which notwithstanding he knew
to have been more or less in use. Again, what are we to say to the
minute knowledge of Greece proper and the Peloponnesus, which Homer has
displayed? Why does he (apparently) know it so much better than he knew
Asia Minor? How among the rude Dorians, just emerged from comparative
barbarism, could he learn it at all? How strange, that Lycurgus
should have acquired the fame of having first introduced the poems to
the Peloponnesus, unless a great revolution and a substitution of one
dominant race for another had come between, to obliterate or greatly
weaken the recollection of them in the very country, which beyond all
others they covered with a blaze of glory.
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