Submarine Warfare, Past, Present, and FutureFyfe, Herbert C.
History
Submarine Warfare, Past, Present, and Future
Fyfe, Herbert C.
Submarine warfare
The _Argonaut_ is fitted with a White and
Middleton gasoline engine of 30 h.p., which operates the screws the
driving wheels, the dynamo, the air compressors, anchor hoists, and
derrick-operating machinery. She is provided with two Mannesmann steel
tubes, in which sufficient air may be stored, with what is contained in
the boat, to last the crew for twenty-four hours without obtaining a
fresh supply from the surface. In the _Argonaut_, however, and probably
in all such craft used for commercial pursuits, as a usual thing, there
will be a connection with the surface, through which a constant supply
of air may be drawn, either by the masts, as shown in the views, one of
which supplies air to the interior of the vessel, the other being
utilised as an exhaust from the engine, or through suction hose
extending to a buoy on the surface. While the engine is running there is
about fifty cubic feet of air flowing into the boat per minute; and when
the engine is closed down there may be a flow of air maintained by an
auxiliary blower, so that it is possible to remain below for days, or
even weeks, at a time.
The course is directed by an ordinary compass when on the bottom, and it
is found that the needle responds as quickly and is as accurate as when
on the surface. Notwithstanding the fact that the _Argonaut_ is quite a
small vessel, a crew of five men have lived aboard her during an
experimental cruise extending over two months, during which she
travelled over 1,000 miles under her own power, partly on the surface
and partly on the bottom. The trip was made to demonstrate the
practicability of vessels of her type travelling on various kinds of
bottoms; also to demonstrate her seaworthiness and capabilities in
searching the bottom, in working on sunken wrecks, finding and taking up
submerged cables, &c.
We have been in some pretty rough weather, and found that she was
perfectly seaworthy. Of course, being so small and of such weight, the
seas at times would wash clear over her decks. This, however, caused no
inconvenience to those below, as her stability was such that she would
roll or pitch very little, even though the seas were breaking over her
in great volume. We have been cruising on the bottom in rivers, in
Chesapeake Bay and beneath the Broad Atlantic. In the rivers we
invariably found a muddy bed; in the bay we found bottoms of various
kinds, in some places so soft that our divers would sink up to their
knees, while in other places the ground would be hard, and at one place
we ran across a bottom which was composed of a loose gravel, resembling
shelled corn. Out in the ocean, however, was found the ideal submarine
course, consisting of a fine gray sand, almost as hard as a macadamised
road, and very level and uniform.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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