10. The section commenced at the dock bottom—that is, at the peat last described (No. 9); in the upper part it was timbered up, but at a depth of about nine feet, blue silty clay of the usual character could be seen and dug out through the timbers. This was followed by two feet of greenish sandy silt full of reeds, and containing leaves of willow, and land and freshwater shells, such as _Limnaea auricularia_, _Planorbis albus_, _P. nautileus_, _Hydrobia ventrosa_, _Valvata piscinalis_, _V. cristata_. The plants were _Salix caprea_ and _Phragmites_. 11. Peat with much broken oak-wood, mixed with seeds and freshwater shells. The plants obtained were oak, hazel, cornel, hawthorn, bur-reed and sallow. 12. Reddish clayey gravel with land shells and penetrated by roots, passing down into red and green grits, limestone and marls. This gravel is undoubtedly an old land-surface, lying at a depth of 35 feet below Ordnance datum. This old soil contains:— Carychium minimum Helix arbustorum ” rotundata ” hispida Hyalinia Succinea Limnaea truncatula Pupa Valvata piscinalis Cardium edule (two fragments—probably brought by gulls) Crataegus Oxyacantha (seed) Cornus sanguinea (seed) Quercus Robur (wood) The examination of these deposits made it perfectly clear that the lowest land-surface represents a true forest-growth, such as could only live at an elevation clear of the highest tides; one tide of brackish water in the year would have sufficed to alter markedly the character of the fauna and flora of the deposit. Dr Strahan, assuming that the range of the tides was the same as at the present day, and noting the present highest level to which the salt-marshes reach, comes to the conclusion that 55 feet at least is the amount of the subsidence. I should be inclined to add a few feet more, in order to keep the oak-roots well clear of the highest tide during a westerly gale. An exceptional gale occurring only once during the lifetime of an oak might bank up the sea water sufficiently to kill the tree, if it grew at a lower elevation.