Restraint renders the usual complement of ward servants able to manage many cases. Non-restraint means that some person must stand or sit by or upon the patient’s bed, and hold and struggle with him often for hours--also that generally this person must be a stranger to the ward. Extra attendants are most injurious to discipline. Could there be a set of casualty or equivalent wards, with its own Head-Nurse, the sick would gain much. But if necessary to adopt the little ward with every ward--in that case the Nurse must manage the three additional patients--twenty-four or twenty-five are, indeed, too few. [Sidenote: IV. Simplicity of Construction essential to Discipline.] IV. In all Hospitals, let the construction be as simple as it can be. Let its splendour be its lofty airy wards, with plenty of windows; water in all due abundance on each floor; an ample, not excessive, supply of linen, polished impervious walls and ceilings, well-laid and bees-waxed oak floors, and a thorough not excessive, supply of good apparatus of the various necessary kinds. But every _unneeded_ closet, scullery, sink, lobby, represents both a place which must be cleaned, and which must take hands and time to clean, and a hiding or skulking place for patients or servants disposed to do wrong; and of such no Hospital will ever be free. And every cornice, every brass lock or handle, which could be replaced by a plain china or ebony one; every decoration, or flourish, or ledge, on doors, windows, tables, beds, presses, &c., represents either a collection of dust or a great waste of hands, time, and strength in unnecessary cleaning and dusting. These are not crotchets, but the result of close observation of the practical working of these matters. Every five minutes wasted upon cleaning what had better not have been there to be cleaned, is something taken from and lost by the sick. Let the appurtenances of the wards be simple and complete, but as plain and as undecorated as it is possible to be. [Sidenote: Polished Walls.] Polished impervious walls and ceilings are of the first consequence in Hospitals. It is perhaps hardly necessary to state that, if Parian cement be used, it must not and need not be of the kind lining the wards and corridors at Guy’s Hospital, which is as rough as the roughest plaster, of a dark and dirty colour, and which nothing could improve but being lime-washed twice a-year; it should be polished like that used at the Lariboisière Hospital at Paris, and of a pure white. [Sidenote: Covered Exercising Place.] In building a new Hospital, some covered arcade or some place where the patients might take exercise in wet weather, and where inspection could be exercised over them, without fuss, is worth contriving. In St. Thomas’s, the patients walk under the covered arcades of the court. [Sidenote: Reserve Wards.]