Subspeciation in the Meadow Mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming, Colorado, and Adjacent AreasAnderson, Sydney
Science
Subspeciation in the Meadow Mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming, Colorado, and Adjacent Areas
Anderson, Sydney
Mice
Some morphological features of the same kind and degree that
differentiate subspecies in one place may not vary geographically in
another place. Furthermore the geographic variation in one feature may
be only partly correlated with the variation in another feature. The
variation in _M. p. pullatus_ is an example: Specimens from near
Pocatello, Idaho, are darker than topotypes of _modestus_ but specimens
from Fremont County, Idaho, are indistinguishable from topotypes of
_modestus_ (Davis, 1939:315). I have examined a number of mice from the
Bitterroot Valley in western Montana and the color value for 12 adults
is 2.7. They are slightly but not significantly paler than topotypes of
_modestus_. This is a result of the cline mentioned above and does not
indicate relationship with _modestus_. Some average measurements of 10
skulls from this series are as follows: condylobasilar length, 24.9;
zygomatic breadth, 14.4; interorbital breadth, 3.4; lambdoidal breadth,
11.5; prelambdoidal breadth, 9.1; alveolar length of upper molar teeth,
6.5; and depth of braincase, 7.6. Average external measurements of 9
specimens are as follows: total length, 157; length of tail, 36; length
of hind feet, 19.4. Mice from the Bitterroot Valley were compared with
topotypes of _modestus_ by the "method of pairs," and _modestus_ had a
larger foramen magnum in 6 of 6 pairs (Confidence Limit .97) and larger
first upper molar teeth in 5 of 6 pairs (C. L. .75).
A comparison of topotypes of _pullatus_ with _modestus_ shows a similar
difference in the teeth, _modestus_ being larger, but in the size of
the foramen magnum there is no difference. A comparison of the
measurements of _pullatus_ (Bitterroot Valley), _pullatus_ (near
topotypes), and _modestus_ (topotypes) shows that the two series of
topotypes differ significantly in condylobasilar length (of borderline
significance), zygomatic breadth and lambdoidal breadth (both of which
vary greatly with age), and length of molar series; the specimens from
the Bitterroot Valley agree with _pullatus_ rather than _modestus_ in
all of these characters. The specimens from the Bitterroot Valley are
smaller than _pullatus_ (topotypes) in total length; they more closely
resemble _modestus_ in length of tail, and the hind foot is shorter
than in either _modestus_ or _pullatus_ (which do not differ
significantly). Specimens from western Montana resemble _modestus_ in
certain respects but in most respects resemble topotypes of _pullatus_
and are referred to _pullatus_. Specimens from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho,
and from Blackfoot, Montana (marginal records of _modestus_, Hall and
Cockrum, 1953:410) may be referred to _drummondi_. Marginal records of
_pullatus_ in Montana to my knowledge are: Florence, Ravalli Co.;
Highwood Mtns., Chouteau Co.; 7 mi. NE Hilger, Fergus Co.; 10 mi. NW
Park City, Stillwater Co. (all represented by specimens in the USBS).
The line separating _pullatus_ and _drummondi_ is tentatively drawn as
shown in Figure 1.
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