The 馳車 were lightly built and, according to Chang Yü, used for the attack; the 革車 were heavier, and designed for purposes of defence. Li Ch‘üan, it is true, says that the latter were light, but this seems hardly probable. Capt. Calthrop translates “chariots” and “supply wagons” respectively, but is not supported by any commentator. It is interesting to note the analogies between early Chinese warfare and that of the Homeric Greeks. In each case, the war-chariot was the important factor, forming as it did the nucleus round which was grouped a certain number of foot-soldiers. With regard to the numbers given here, we are informed that each swift chariot was accompanied by 75 footmen, and each heavy chariot by 25 footmen, so that the whole army would be divided up into a thousand battalions, each consisting of two chariots and a hundred men. with provisions enough to carry them a thousand _li_, 2.78 modern _li_ go to a mile. The length may have varied slightly since Sun Tzŭ’s time. the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armour, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. 則, which follows 糧 in the _textus receptus_, is important as indicating the apodosis. In the text adopted by Capt. Calthrop it is omitted, so that he is led to give this meaningless translation of the opening sentence: “Now the requirements of War are such that we need 1,000 chariots,” etc. The second 費, which is redundant, is omitted in the _Yü Lan_. 千金, like 千里 above, is meant to suggest a large but indefinite number. As the Chinese have never possessed gold coins, it is incorrect to translate it “1000 pieces of gold.” Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men. Capt. Calthrop adds: “You have the instruments of victory,” which he seems to get from the first five characters of the next sentence. 2. 其用戰也勝久則鈍兵挫銳攻城則力屈 When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, the men’s weapons will grow dull and their ardour will be damped. The _Yü Lan_ omits 勝; but though 勝久 is certainly a bold phrase, it is more likely to be right than not. Both in this place and in § 4, the _T‘ung Tien_ and _Yü Lan_ read 頓 (in the sense of “to injure”) instead of 鈍. If you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength. As synonyms to 屈 are given 盡, 殫, 窮 and 困. 3. 久暴師則國用不足 Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain. 久暴師 means literally, “If there is long exposure of the army.” Of 暴 in this sense K‘ang Hsi cites an instance from the biography of 竇融 Tou Jung in the _Hou Han Shu_, where the commentary defines it by 露. Cf. also the following from the 戰國策: 將軍久暴露於外 “General, you have long been exposed to all weathers.” 4. 夫鈍兵挫銳屈力殫貨則諸侯乘其幣而起雖有智者不能善其後矣