Surgery, with Special Reference to PodiatryStern, Maximilian
Science
Surgery, with Special Reference to Podiatry
Stern, Maximilian
Foot -- Surgery; Surgery
After reduction, the leg should be immobilized for three weeks in a
molded posterior splint. Light passive motion can be begun during the
fourth week. In old unreduced cases an arthrotomy is indicated.
+Forward Dislocations.+ These are much rarer than the backward form.
They are usually due to a forced dorsal flexion of the foot. This form
is less often accompanied by a fracture of the malleoli than is the
case in the backward dislocation. The fibula is seldom broken, the
usual seat of the fracture being in the tip of the internal malleolus
or in the articular surface of the tibia.
+Diagnosis.+ The whole foot appears to be lengthened. The prominence due
to the heel has disappeared; the upper articular surface of the
astragalus can be felt, the tibia and the malleoli being nearer to the
heel.
The condition can be differentiated from a fracture of both bones of
the leg above the malleoli by the fact that in a forward dislocation
the malleoli are further back than normal, while in a supramalleolar
fracture they have moved forward with the foot.
+Treatment.+ Reduction is readily effected by marked dorsal flexion of
the foot, pressure being made in a forward direction upon the lower
end of the tibia, and the foot pushed backward. Plantar flexion now
completes the reduction. The after treatment is the same as in the
backward form.
+Lateral Dislocations.+ The other forms of dislocations seen in the
ankle are those in a lateral direction, either inward or outward. The
diagnosis is usually easy. The upper convex surface of the astragalus
is directed toward the external malleolus and can be felt there. The
inner border of the foot is raised; the outer rests upon the bed.
This form of dislocation is very frequently a compound one, or it is
accompanied by fractures of the bones of the leg or of the astragalus;
but it may occur without these injuries.
+Treatment.+ The treatment of these lateral dislocations differs but
little from that of fractures of the lower end of the tibia and
fibula. Reduction is effected by adduction or abduction of the foot.
The chief danger is from infection on account of the extensive injury
of the skin and soft parts. If reduction is impossible, perform an
arthrotomy.
+Subastragaloid Dislocation.+ Two forms of dislocation can occur in the
joint between the astragalus and the two tarsal bones (os calcis and
scaphoid) with which it articulates. In the true subastragaloid form,
the astragalus continues to articulate with the tibia and fibula, but
it is displaced from its articulation with the os calcis and scaphoid.
In the second form of subastragaloid dislocation, the astragalus is
completely separated from its articulation with the bones of the leg
as well as with the calcaneus and scaphoid. To this form the name
total dislocation of the astragalus is given.
+True Subastragaloid Dislocations.+ These dislocations may occur in four
directions, inward, outward, forward, and backward.
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