Surgery, with Special Reference to PodiatryStern, Maximilian
Science
Surgery, with Special Reference to Podiatry
Stern, Maximilian
Foot -- Surgery; Surgery
_Dislocation inward._ The most frequent cause is a forcible adduction
of the foot combined with violence acting in the direction of the long
axis of the foot. The diagnosis can be made from the position of the
foot. The foot is adducted and rotated inward, as in a case of
clubfoot. The sole of the foot is directed inward. The inner edge of
the foot is concave and shortened while the outer edge appears
lengthened. The external malleolus and head of the astragalus are very
prominent on the outer side of the foot. Below and behind the inner
malleolus the scaphoid projects beneath the skin.
_Dislocation Outward._ This occurs after forced adduction of the foot.
The symptoms are the opposite of those of the inward variety. The foot
is in the position of a flat foot, its inner edge depressed and outer
edge raised. The inner malleolus is close to the sole of the foot, and
in front of it the head of the astragalus forms a prominence. The
injury is not infrequently compound, so that the astragalus presents
into the wound.
_Dislocation Backward._ The cause is usually a plantar flexion of the
foot. The signs are very pronounced; the head of the astragalus can be
seen and felt lying upon the upper surface of the scaphoid and
cuneiform bones. The anterior portion of the foot is shortened while
the heel is lengthened and the tendo Achillis is very prominent.
_Dislocation Forward._ This follows forced dorsal flexion of the foot,
the patient falling forward after landing with his heels upon the
ground. The diagnosis can be made because of the lengthened anterior
portion of the foot and the shortened heel. An important point in the
diagnosis of subastragaloid dislocation is the absence of any
prominence due to the projection of the body of the astragalus, in
front, behind, or to either side of the malleoli, as is seen in the
case of the tibiotarsal dislocations. A second diagnostic point is the
abnormal position of the calcaneus and scaphoid with relation to the
malleoli and astragalus. The swelling is usually so great that a
diagnosis is very difficult without the use of the X-ray.
+Treatment of Subastragaloid Dislocations.+ Reduction can usually be
effected in recent cases by manipulation and traction. In the inward
variety the existing adduction is at first increased. Pressure is now
made over the outer side of the adduction and the inner side of the
foot, and the foot is then strongly abducted. In the outward variety,
the abduction is first increased. Pressure is then made over the outer
side of the foot until reduction is effected. In the backward variety,
the plantar flexion is first increased and the foot is then strongly
flexed in the opposite direction. In the forward type, forced dorsal
flexion will effect reduction. The foot should be placed upon a
posterior molded splint for three weeks, after which passive motions
are begun. If the reduction is impossible, an arthrotomy with excision
of the astragalus may be necessary.
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