Because of the results he obtained, Schleich now recommends the following solutions for infiltration: 1. Cocaine 0.1 Alypin 0.1 Sodium chloride 0.2 Distilled water 100. 2. Cocaine 0.05 Alypin 0.05 Sodium chloride 0.2 Distilled water 100. 3. Cocaine 0.01 Alypin 0.01 Sodium chloride 0.2 Distilled water 100. For other operative procedures of a minor character, it has been found that one-fourth per cent. to one-eighth per cent. is sufficient. For application to mucous membranes, as in the urethra, nose and throat, 1 per cent. to 2 per cent. has proved effective. +Stovaine.+ Stovaine is used more for spinal anesthesia than for local purposes; it is said to work well in inflamed tissues. Several drugs have been used because of their lessened toxicity and many are constantly being tried but to be abandoned because of their inefficiency or irritating qualities. None of them are as efficient as cocaine and the weak solutions of Schleich are about as active as stronger solutions of many of these and are not more toxic. Among the other cocaine substitutes in general use are betaeucaine, tropacocain, anesthesin, and subcutin. These all find a special field of usefulness, but for general work, are limited, because of some disadvantages which each and all of them possess. Individual selection plays an important part in the use of a local anesthetic, and one operator, by practical experience, may obtain results with a given drug, which another fails to achieve. The essential feature to be remembered by the practising chiropodist is, that the use of any drug employed for anesthetizing purposes, even though but local, should be safeguarded in every way. +Cold.+ The methods of using ether, rhigolene, or ice and salt, to produce cold, are slow and unsatisfactory. If cold is to be used to produce local anesthesia the most efficient and convenient method of applying it is by means of _ethyl chloride_. This fluid is very volatile and is best controlled by having it in air-tight tubes. When not in use, a valve covering one end of the tube prevents leakage. When the valve is pressed upon, the orifice of the tube is opened and the heat of the hand forces out a fine stream of the liquid which is directed upon the parts to be frozen. Rapid evaporation causes intense cold. The nozzle should be held about fifteen inches from the area to be acted upon. When the spray strikes the integument, redness almost instantly results but in a few seconds the part becomes hard and white. This condition indicates local insensibility and lasts about two minutes. If the action is slow, it can be much hastened by gently blowing upon the parts to increase the rapidity of evaporation.