The refrigeration method of local anesthesia is of limited usefulness and is recommended only for the opening of felons and abscesses, for removing wens from the scalp and back, and for producing a painless area in which a puncture is to be made. It must be borne in mind that sloughing and ulceration of the skin are liable to follow the use of cold. Work under this form of anesthesia must be done with rapidity not always consistent with thoroughness, and should therefore be employed only when a single incision or puncture is indicated. The pain incident to subsequent thawing is severe and, in general, is about as hard to bear as an incision without an anesthetic. For the purposes of practical podiatry, the chiropodist is advised to use a substitute for cocaine rather than the cocaine itself when local anesthesia is necessary. In the clinics of the School of Chiropody of New York, novocaine, quinine and urea hydrochloride, and alypin are preferred, and no single instance of toxemia has ever been experienced. There have been cases in which the anesthesia did not prove thoroughly effective, but, in the main, these drugs have well answered the purposes of their use. THE END GLOSSARY +A+ +a-an.+ Without, as in atypical—without type, and as in analgia—without pain. +ab.+ From, away from, as in abaxial, lying outside of or away from any body or part. +abduction.+ To move away from the axis (median line) of the body. +ab initio.+ From the beginning. +abrade.+ To scrape away. +acid.+ A compound of an electro-negative element or radical with hydrogen. +acetic acid.+ A product of the oxidation of ethylic alcohol and of the destructive distillation of wood, applied locally as a counterirritant. +benzoic acid.+ External uses, antiseptic. +carbolic acid.+ Used in podiatry, as an antiseptic, as a disinfectant and as an anesthetic. +chromic acid.+ Has caustic properties. +dichloracetic acid.+ Used as a caustic application to venereal sores. +glacial acetic acid.+ Employed externally as a caustic for removal of warts and helomata. +hydrochloric acid.+ Externally employed as an escharotic. +monochloracetic acid.+ Used as a caustic for helomata and verrucae. +nitric acid.+ Used as a caustic against verrucae. +nitrohydrochloric acid.+ An active caustic agent. +oxalic acid.+ Removes ink stains. +sulphocarbolic acid.+ Antiseptic and disinfectant. +trichloracetic acid.+ Employed as an escharotic for venereal and other warts. +abscess.+ A circumscribed cavity containing pus. +acidulated.+ Rendered acid. +actinomycosis.+ An infectious disease due to the ray fungus. +actual cautery.+ A substance which acts by virtue of its heat, not chemically. +adenoma.+ A tumor of glandular epithelium. +adde.+ Add, used in prescription writing. +adduction.+ To turn towards the axis or median line of the body. +adhesive.+ Sticking together. +adjacent.+ Next to.