Surgery, with Special Reference to PodiatryStern, Maximilian
Science
Surgery, with Special Reference to Podiatry
Stern, Maximilian
Foot -- Surgery; Surgery
This tendency of the white cells to separate from the others, even
when the current is rapid, is partly due to their viscosity and power
of ameboid movement, but in the main is a purely mechanical effect of
the slower current.
It has been proven that when particles of different density are
suspended in a liquid which is circulating through a system of narrow
tubes with a very rapid current, there is a clear space next to the
wall of the tube where the friction necessarily reduces the speed of
the fluid which is free from particles, and, as the current is slowed
down, some of the particles of least density, begin to appear in this
clear space, their number increasing as the current becomes slower,
until even the heavy particles also collect here when it is very slow.
It is known that among the cellular elements of the blood, the
leucocytes have the least specific gravity or density, and the blood
plaques rank next, while the red blood disks are the heaviest, and
these bodies appear in the clear serum near the vessel wall in that
order, according to the law just cited. The slow current is associated
with an increased intravascular blood pressure, which, in part, is the
cause of the phenomena of exudation, emigration and diapedesis.
+Exudation.+ Serum of the blood passes out of the vessels, and collects
in the lymphatic spaces in the cellular tissue, and elsewhere, and
also exudes from the surface of the mucous membranes or forms vesicles
or blisters in the skin by detaching the superficial epithelial
layers. Complete stasis, or stoppage of the circulation is seen only
when the inflammation is exceedingly intense, and would cause the
death of the part if continued long.
Usually the current merely becomes slower than normal. This retarded
circulation is followed by the phenomena of emigration.
+Emigration.+ Emigration of the white blood corpuscles consists in the
passage of the cells directly through the vessel walls. It is most
frequently seen in the capillaries, although it also takes place in
the small veins. The white corpuscles, or leucocytes, have the
property of ameboid movement, stretching out at will in any direction,
long, narrow processes of their protoplasm, called pseudopodia, which
may be attached to any object, and having secured such an anchorage,
the rest of the protoplasmic body is drawn towards it.
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