Surgery, with Special Reference to PodiatryStern, Maximilian
Science
Surgery, with Special Reference to Podiatry
Stern, Maximilian
Foot -- Surgery; Surgery
+Prognosis.+ The prognosis of contusions is a matter of every day
importance, and it is sometimes extremely difficult to prognosticate
accurately. The determining forces are principally the nature and
violence of the contusing force, the tissues and organs involved, and
the general condition of the patient. Even the injury of the tissues
that may be easily inspected, such as the skin, may be much more
severe than is apparent. In tissues of low vitality, such as synovial
membrane, cartilage and ligaments of a joint, repair is
proportionately delayed, whereas in highly vascular tissue it is more
rapid. Contusions of tissues that cannot be given physiologic rest,
such as the thoracic wall, and the respiratory muscles, respond less
promptly to treatment.
The general condition of the patient is an important factor in the
prognosis, the most favorable being vigorous adult life without
organic disease. Among the unfavorable general states are, the
extremities of life, the very anemic and the plethoric, the
tuberculous, the syphilitic, the diabetic, and like diatheses, while
in the rheumatic and the gouty, the slightest injury may be most
persistent. The starved, the overfed, the over-worked, the fatigued,
the alcoholic, and those exposed to extremes of heat and cold, are
unfavorably affected.
+Treatment.+ Slight bruises, favorably located, require no treatment.
The arrest of hemorrhage, thereby diminishing the swelling, pain, and
discoloration, is important. If the hemorrhage be from small vessels,
elevation, rest, and the application of ice are sufficient. Frequently
the application of pressure is indicated. Hemorrhage in deeper parts,
such as that occurring under the fascia of the thigh, is sometimes
best controlled by adhesive strapping. If the vessels are large and
the hemorrhage is rapid, it is sometimes necessary to make a free
incision and apply a ligature. Evaporating lotions or elastic pressure
by bandaging over absorbent cotton, may assist. If the hemorrhage be
in a joint causing immediate swelling, painful from distension,
prompt aspiration will give relief. This should only be resorted to
under the strictest aseptic precautions, as the conditions are
favorable for microbic growth. If the soft parts are so severely
contused as to jeopardize the nutrition, both bandaging and ice should
be withheld, and in some instances even warm applications are advised.
After the acute symptoms have passed, judicious massage may be most
helpful in securing early resolution. Restoration of the vasomotor
tone when impaired or lost may be greatly facilitated by douching with
cold and hot water alternately followed by massage. During the acute
stages, physiologic rest is important; the restoration of functional
use in severe cases must be tentative, guided by the response of the
tissue in the form of increased pain or swelling. These phenomena
should be avoided if possible. If hematomata be not absorbed they
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