Returning, however, to the more frequent conditions of inguinal hernia--viz., those in which either the direct or the oblique variety occurs alone--it should be remembered that a hernia originally oblique, H, Plates 35 and 37, may, when of long standing, and having attained a large size, destroy, by its gravitation, the obliquity of the inguinal canal to such a degree as to bring the internal, H, Plate 35, opposite to the external ring, as at I, and thereby exhibit all the appearance of a hernia originally direct, I, Plate 37. In such a case, the epigastric artery, F, which lies on the outer side of the neck of a truly direct hernia, I, Plate 37, will be found to course on the inner side, G, of the neck of this false-seeming direct hernia, I, Plate 35. In the trial made for replacing the protruded bowel by the taxis, two circumstances should be remembered in order to facilitate this object: 1st, the abdominal parietes should be relaxed by supporting the trunk forward, and at the same time flexing the thigh on the trunk; 2nd, as every complete hernial protrusion becomes distended more or less beyond the seat of stricture--wherever this may happen to be--its reduction by the taxis should be attempted, with gradual, gentle, equable pressure, so that the sac may be first emptied of its fluid. That part of the hernia which protruded last should be replaced first. The direction in which the hernia protrudes must always determine the direction in which it is to be reduced. If it be the external or oblique variety, the viscus is to be pushed upwards, outwards, and backwards; if it be the internal or direct variety, it is to be reduced by pressure, made upwards and backwards. Pressure made in this latter direction will serve for the reduction of that hernia which, from being originally external and oblique, has assumed the usual position of the internal or direct variety. The seat of the stricture in an external inguinal hernia is found to be situated either at the internal ring, corresponding to the neck of the sac, or at the external ring. Between these two points, which "bound the canal," and which are to be regarded merely as passive agents in causing stricture of the protruding bowel, the lower parts of the transversalis and internal oblique muscles embrace the herniary sac, and are known at times to be the cause of its active strangulation or spasm.