Produced by StevenGibbs, Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net SURNAMES AS A SCIENCE BY ROBERT FERGUSON, M.P., F.S.A., F.S.A. (SCOT.); AUTHOR OF "THE TEUTONIC NAME-SYSTEM." LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL, NEW YORK: 9, LAFAYETTE PLACE. 1883. LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, BREAD STREET HILL. TO MRS. R.H. DANA (_née_ LONGFELLOW), OF BOSTON, MASS., IN MEMORY OF EARLY AND VALUED FRIENDSHIP, AND OF DAYS NOT TO BE FORGOTTEN, PASSED AT CRAGIE HOUSE, THIS LITTLE VOLUME IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. That portion of our surnames which dates back to Anglo-Saxon times, and so forms a part of the general system by which Teutonic names are governed, is distinctly a branch of a science, and as such has been treated by the Germans, upon whose lines I have generally endeavoured to follow. It has been a part of my object to show that this portion of our surnames is a very much larger one than has been generally supposed, and that it includes a very great number of names which have hitherto been otherwise accounted for, as well as of course a great number for which no explanation has been forthcoming. Nevertheless, while claiming for my subject the dignity of a science, I am very well aware that the question as to how far I have myself succeeded in treating it scientifically is an entirely different one, and one upon which it will be for others than myself to pronounce an opinion. This work is of the nature of a supplement to one which I published some time ago under the title of _The Teutonic Name-system applied to the Family-names of France, England, and Germany_ (Williams and Norgate), though I have been obliged, in order to render my system intelligible, to a certain extent to go over the same ground again. I will only say, in conclusion, that in dealing with this subject--one in which all persons may be taken to be more or less interested--I have endeavoured as much as possible to avoid technicalities and to write so as to be intelligible to the ordinary reader. ROBERT FERGUSON. MORTON, CARLISLE. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE THE ANTIQUITY AND THE UNSUSPECTED DIGNITY OF SOME OF OUR COMMON NAMES 1 CHAPTER II. CLUE TO SOME OF THE ANCIENT FORMS REPRESENTED IN ENGLISH NAMES 23 CHAPTER III. NAMES REPRESENTING ANCIENT COMPOUNDS 36 CHAPTER IV. THE MEN WHO CAME IN WITH THE SAXONS 69 CHAPTER V. MEN'S NAMES IN PLACE-NAMES 92 CHAPTER VI. CORRUPTIONS AND CONTRACTIONS 113 CHAPTER VII. THE OLD FRANKS AND THE PRESENT FRENCH 123 CHAPTER VIII. THE GERMAN ORIGIN OF GREAT ITALIANS AS EVIDENCED IN THEIR NAMES 143 CHAPTER IX.