Norsemen; occupation of Caith. and Sutherland; no women brought; early Norse rulers; defeated at Mortlach; raids on Moray coast; Freskyns appointed guardians of Moray against; expedition against south Hebrides; invasion of Sutherland repulsed at Embo; law and language in Orkney and Shetland; intermarriage with Celts; influence of, on British law; religion of early settlers in British Isles; destroyed culture of St. Columba; enslaved aborigines in their colonies; their place-names in Scotland; settled on coasts and lower valleys; subdued by Scots in north; Gaelic language adopted by; few monuments in Scotland; domestic and ecclesiastical buildings of wood or stone; York Powell on; discovery of America, and Africa. Norse Influence on Celtic Scotland, (George Henderson). Northman and Pict. Norway; viking raids on British Isles; trade with Grimsby; earl Ragnvald visited king Ingi; earl Ragnvald returned from Jerusalem through Norway; Margaret, queen of N.; Scottish embassy to; Hebrides ceded to Scotland. Norway, kings of; Harald Harfagr, (860-933); Eric Bloody-axe, (930-935); Olaf Tryggvi's son, (995-1000); Magnus the Good, (1035-1047); Harald Sigurdson Hardrada, (1045-1066); Olaf Haraldson, (1067-1093); Magnus Barelegs, (1093-1103); Sigurd Magnusson, (1103-1130); Magnus the Blind, (1130-1135); Harald Gilli, (1130-1136); Eystein Haraldson, (1142-1157); Ingi, (1136-1161); Magnus Erlingson, (1162-1184); Sverrir, (1184-1202); Hakon, Sverri's son, (1202-1204); Hakon Hakonson, (1217-1263); Magnus Hakonson, (1263-1280); Christian I, (1459-1481), q.v. Norway, History of, P.A. Munch. Ochill, (Oykel). Odal lands; in Orkney; none in Cat. Odin; blood-eagle rite; worshipped by Norse in Britain; Sigurd Hlodverson died fighting for; and defeated at Clontarf. Olaf, king of Norway; received Thorfinn Sigurdson, earl of Orkney and Caithness; and Thorkel Fostri; his award; killed at Stiklastad. Olaf's Saga, St.; account of earls of Orkney. Olaf Haraldson Kyrre, king of Norway. Olaf Tryggvi's-son; conversion of Sigurd Hlodverson. Olaf Tryggvason Saga; account of earls of Orkney. Olaf Bitling, king of the Sudreys; m. Ingibiorg, daughter of earl Hakon. Olaf the White, king of Dublin; invasion of Scotland. Olaf, king of Man. Olaf Hrolfson, father of Sweyn and Gunni. Olaf, son-in-law of earl Harold Maddadson. Old-Lore Miscellany (Viking Society); Darratha-liod; authorship O.S.; _Orkney and Shetland Folk_. Old-shore (Asleifarvik). Oliphant family; charters, earldom of Caithness.