Sweated industry and the minimum wage — John Shaqi
Sweated industry and the minimum wageBlack, Clementina
History
Sweated industry and the minimum wage
Black, Clementina
Minimum wage; Sweatshops
Racquet balls are articles bought mainly by persons in prosperous
circumstances, few of whom would desire that women engaged in making
their tools of play should receive less than a living wage. Yet the
rates of pay are such that probably no coverer of racquet balls ever
subsisted without aid from other sources. The cores or centres of these
balls are made of shreds of rag, much compressed, and covered with
strands of wool. These are prepared in the factory, but the covering is
done by women working at home. The coverer receives a gross of cores,
together with a gross of squares of white leather and a skein or skeins
of a special thread. The squares of leather must be damped between wet
cloths. Laying one of these damp squares on her left palm, the worker
places upon it the core, “pulls the skin tightly over it, pares off with
a pair of sharp scissors any superfluous leather, and sews together with
neat regular stitches the edges at their meeting-places. While still
damp the ball must be rolled, so as to smooth down any projection of the
seam. This rolling is best effected between two slabs of marble, the
upper one of which need be only a little larger than the ball.
Considerable pressure is necessary, but in the hands of a practised
worker the process is a quick one. These slabs of marble are not
provided by the employer, and many women roll their balls between two
plates; to do this takes rather longer, because the plate will not bear
so much pressure as the slab. The scissors also have to be provided and
kept sharp by the worker.” For covering a gross of the smallest sized
balls (sold retail at 2d. or 3d.), the usual payment is 2s. per gross;
but there is one prosperous employer who still pays only 1s. 10d.
Working steadily for eleven to twelve hours a day, a superior young
woman known to me who covered balls before her marriage used to earn
about 5s. a week. She was quick and skilful, but obviously
ill-nourished, and an accidental sprain, from which a girl in good
health would quickly have recovered, developed in her case into an
ulcer, in consequence, said the doctor who saw her, of her anæmic
condition.
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