Sweated industry and the minimum wageBlack, Clementina
History
Sweated industry and the minimum wage
Black, Clementina
Minimum wage; Sweatshops
That such cases would be not the exception, but the rule, if there were
no legal prohibition and no fear of fines, may be judged by the state of
things actually existing in laundries, where, although the law allows
the monstrous stretch of 14 consecutive hours of work, the permitted
hours are frequently exceeded. The report of the lady inspectors
contains a significant paragraph on this subject. “The hours worked in
London laundries by women and girls,” says Miss Vines, “seem to be
increasing in length, and to be more excessive than ever.... The firm I
prosecuted in February had employed several young women, one of them
only 17 years of age, for 28 consecutive hours, from 8 A.M. on Friday
till 12, midday, on Saturday; while their hours, including meals on the
previous days of the week, had numbered 14 on Thursday, 12 on Wednesday
and Tuesday, and 11 on Monday. The 28 hours’ period included 2½ hours’
interval during the night, when the girls were permitted to lie on the
floor of the calendar-room with their coats for pillows ‘for a rest!’ I
prosecuted the other firm twice in June, and on the second occasion it
was proved at the hearing of the case that an ironer had been employed
for 37 consecutive hours, including meal times and short breaks, and
another, an ironer and calendar worker, 32½ hours ... 14 days previously
I had taken proceedings against the same firm.... It was then proved
that, in one week, a young packer had been employed by them, exclusive
of meal hours and absence of work, for 73½ hours; and two girls, aged
respectively 16 and 17, for 68½ hours.”[10]
Very similar results ensue in the jam-making industry, where, on the
pretext of emergency, the law permits the working of prolonged hours.
“In more than one case,” writes the inspector, “I have found emergency
created by the simple expedient of allowing fruit to lie untouched at
the factory till the close of the normal working day, when workers from
all departments were turned on to it.”[11]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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