Sweated industry and the minimum wageBlack, Clementina
History
Sweated industry and the minimum wage
Black, Clementina
Minimum wage; Sweatshops
Sad to say, a bath or bathroom is by no means regarded by employers as a
necessity. There are still houses of good repute in which the
assistants, male and female, have nothing but a basin in which to wash.
On the very day that I write these words a letter is published in the
_Daily News_ from a shop assistant who cites the case of “a large house
in the West-End where hundreds of young men and women ‘live in,’ and not
a single bath is provided for them.... When the poor assistant feels
inclined to take a bath he has to take it before the public baths close
at eight o’clock; and as there is no fire in the sitting-room he is
obliged to go straight to bed to avoid catching cold on a cold winter’s
night after taking his bath.”[22]
The salaries both of men and women are poor. The shopwalker and the
buyer may, in some instances, receive handsome salaries; but for the
ordinary saleswoman, £35 a year is high pay; indeed, there are many
young men receiving no more than £20 or £25. Out of this income the
assistant has to keep up the required standard of appearance, providing
black coats or gowns, as the case may be, and spotless starched linen.
Often the collar and cuffs of the young lady are of a regulation pattern
that may perhaps not suit her again if she goes into another house.
Towels are not generally included in the furnishing of the bedrooms; the
purchase and washing of these come out of the assistant’s pocket.
These wages are supposed to be supplemented by “premiums,” and the
subject of premiums is not without interest for the customer. Certain
goods, which for some reason it is particularly desired to sell, are
“premiumed,” _i.e._ a small commission is given to the assistant who
effects a sale of them. The premium, which is in proportion to the
selling price, is generally but a small sum. Half a crown is about the
highest figure, and would represent a purchase running to some pounds.
On small things the premium may be as low as a halfpenny. The existence
of premiums explains in great measure the annoyance to which all of us
have been subjected by the endeavours of an assistant to force upon us
goods for which we have not asked—goods known behind the counter as
“intro” (or introduced) goods. A rule quoted above shows that there are
shops in which an assistant is bound to press two “intro” articles, at
least, upon every customer. To dispose largely of “intro” goods is
obviously to the assistant’s interest, not only because the premiums
make a welcome addition to his small income, but also because the
disposal of these articles is viewed with favour by his superior
officers. To the customer who knows what she wants and is anxious to
spend no more than the needful time and money in getting it, “intro”
goods are an irritation and a burden—especially if she is sufficiently
behind the scenes to know their significance to the girl or youth who
compulsorily obtrudes them upon her. Such customers are apt to forget
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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