Sweated industry and the minimum wageBlack, Clementina
History
Sweated industry and the minimum wage
Black, Clementina
Minimum wage; Sweatshops
“In some of these shops the girls are kept on duty continuously; this is
more especially the case where only one girl is employed.... In scarcely
any of the shops in this district is lavatory accommodation provided.
Witness said she knew of drapery shops where the hours are from 8 A.M.
to 9 P.M., and in some cases to 10 P.M.; while they are kept open till
11 P.M. and 12 midnight on Saturdays. In these shops the girls are
allowed half an hour off for breakfast and one hour for dinner. Total
hours worked per week 82 and 89 (not including meal hours). No seats are
provided and there is no sanitary accommodation. Witness stated that
there are frequent cases of girls completely breaking down in health in
these shops.”
“Witness 504 is about 24 years of age. She is saleswoman and manager in
a confectioner’s shop and is paid 7s. per week. The shop she keeps is an
East end branch belonging to a leading firm in this trade. The shops of
this firm in better localities are closed at 8 P.M. In the other the
following are the hours: open 9.30 A.M., close at 10 P.M. Saturdays,
open at 8.30 A.M., close at 11 P.M. As witness has sole charge of the
shop she cannot leave it to take her meals, or for any other purpose.
Her dinner is brought to her and she takes it as she can; tea is taken
in the same way. Witness has in all nine holidays in the year.”
“Witness 418 had been engaged as an assistant in a tea shop and gave the
following evidence: Her hours were from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M., five days in
the week; and from 9 A.M. to 11.30 P.M. on Saturdays. Witness had sole
charge of the shop and was not allowed to go out for meals, except on
such days as her employer, a commercial traveller, and seldom at home,
came to relieve her; frequently she was obliged to fast all day, and
finally she was obliged to leave on account of her health breaking down.
Total hours worked per day, 12; Saturdays, 14½; per week 74½ hours.”[25]
In restaurants, both in London and elsewhere, the hours are sometimes
excessive. I have known instances of girls who were employed at the
refreshment rooms of stations who were not allowed to leave until after
the last train had gone at night—which meant that they had to walk home
every night after midnight.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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