North, the Scandinavian, 16, 21, 29, 35, 42, 43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 94, 96, 101, 104, 114, 225, 248, 263, 305, 330, 434, 438. North Pole, 424. North Sea, 5, 10, 196, 198, 322, 375. North Star, Order of the, 318. Northeast Passage, 424. Northern language, common, 99; oldest form, 8, 22; tribes, 23; industrial arts, 23; literature, 36, 38, 41. Northmen, 45, 52, 53, 59. Norway, Norwegians, 5, 6, 10, 13, 21, 25, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 52, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75, 76, 79, 83, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 111, 142, 147, 164, 166-167, 174, 247, 307, 308, 311, 348, 357, 362, 366, 370, 371-374, 375, 386, 393-395, 402, 404, 405, 418-421, 430; governor-general question, 386, 393-395, 418-419; constitution, 373-374, 393; cabinet, 373, 394-395, 402; consular and diplomatic service, 419, 420, 437; defence, 419; flag, 386, 419; culture, 405; government, 373; king, 373-374; Minister of State, 419; railways, 421; royal title, 386; Storthing, 373, 379, 386, 393-394, 406, 419, 420, 425-426; viceroy, 393. Novgorod, 47, 52, 62, 188, 190. Nuremberg, 211-212, 225. Nurmanni, 47. Nykœping, 82, 84, 172, 190, 239, 302; Feast of, 90; Restitution of, 102. Nyslott, 316. Nystrœm, Alfred, 430. O Oder, River, 21, 27, 224, 279. Odin, 31-32, 34, 35, 37. Œdman, A., 431. Œland, island of, 5, 21, 22, 111, 254; naval battles of, 165-166, 167-168, 350. Œrbyhus, 171. Œrebro, 109, 146, 150, 174, 368, 387. Œsel, island of, 164, 227. Œstberg, Caroline, 431. Œsterlind, A., 429. Ohio, 7. Ôhthere. See Ottar. Olaf (Norwegian kings) Tryggvasson, 57-58; Haraldsson, 61-62, 67; Hakonsson, 100. Olai, Ericus, 114, 117. Olaus, Petri (Master Olof). See Petri. Oldenburg, 366; counts of, 149, 367. Old Chronicle. See Eric’s Chronicle. Old Danish, 8, 22, 99. Old English, 237, 342. Old High German, 342. Old Icelandic. See Old Norse. Old Norse language, 8, 22, 99, 341, 342; literature, 32, 232, 270; mythology, 265. Old Swedish language, 8, 9, 22, 24, 48, 49, 99, 342; literature, 8, 9, 66-67, 80, 98, 114, 121; laws, 48, 66-67, 380, 391. Oleg, 48, 49, 51. Olga, 48, 51. Oligarchy, 309. Oliva, peace treaty of, 250. Olof (Swedish kings), 40-41, 42, 54, 55; Skœtkonung, 52, 57-62; Næskonung, 69, 70. Olsson, Lars, 138. Olustra, battle of, 78. Opposition, Conservative, 383, 384; Liberal, 376-378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384. See also Intelligence Party. Orange, 259, 392. Oravais, battle of, 358, 360-362. Ordeals, 82. Orientalists, 333, 340. Ornæs, 134. Orosius, 43. Oscar Fredericsborg, 418. Oscar (kings of Sweden): I. 382-390, 391, 411; II. 411, 414-438. Oscar, Prince. See Bernadotte. Oslo, 92. Ottar, 37-38. Otto, Bishop, 128.