Oxenstierna, Jœns Bengtsson, 112-113; Axel, 199, 203, 204, 220-221, 222, 226, 229, 230, 233, 234, 239, 242, 312, 375, 421; John, 229; Bengt, 259, 271; John Gabriel, 345; Oxford, 340. P Palæolithic Civilization, 12. Palatinate-Zweibrucken, 189, 239, 290. Pappenheim, 203, 207-209, 213, 214, 217-218. Paris, 118, 305, 331, 340, 368, 371; expositions, 413, 421, 429; peace treaties, 362-363, 369, 388; University, 118, 340. Parliament, Parliamentary Reform, 108, 111, 376, 379, 384-385, 396-401. Passage-graves, 13. Patkul, J. R., 312. Patriotism, 104, 114, 120, 130, 131, 200, 201, 235, 244, 247, 248, 250, 258, 309, 352, 358, 367, 398, 434. Pau, 368. Pauli, Emerentia, 196-197; George, 429; Hanna (Hirsch-P.), 429. Peasant. See Yeoman. Peasant High Schools, 423. Peasant-king, 188. Peene, River, 312. Peipus, Lake, 199, 282. Pentinger, Konrad, 149. Peringskiold, John, 265. Pernau, 201, 292. Person, Andrew, 133-134; Arendt, 134-135; Gœran, 162, 170. Peru, 336. Peter Frisk, 299. Peter’s Pence, 72. Peter the Great, 272-273, 277, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 296, 306, 307, 311, 316. Peterson, Adrian, 431. Petri, Olaus (Master Olof), 86, 114, 128, 141, 150; Laurentius, 141, 150, 175, 177, 183; Laurentius P. Gothus, 175. Philadelphia Exposition, 421. Philip, king, 70; Folkung, 81; Duke (see Charles, Princes of Sweden). Philipstad, 188. Philology, 67, 237, 265, 266, 320, 339-342, 380, 388, 423. Philosophy, 240-241, 321, 327, 340, 411-412, 423. Phosphoristic School, 380-381. Physical science, 322, 324-325, 333, 423, 425. Physiology, 325. Piccolomini, General, 221, 225. Pillau, 203. Piper, Charles, 271, 286, 287, 288, 292; Louise Sophie, 366-367. Pitea, 411. Plague, 94, 124, 176, 290, 323. Platen, Baltzar B. von, 365, 371, 375. Plato, 264. Pliny, the Elder, 25. Poland, Polish, 98, 143, 163, 164, 174, 175, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 199, 202, 222, 243-245, 247, 250, 252, 273, 278-279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 290, 292, 294, 295, 297, 313, 401. Polar Circle, 7, 8; Sea, 93. Polhammar. See Polhem. Polhem, Christopher, 267, 302, 304-306, 322, 326, 334, 375, 424; Emerentia, 326. Poliané, 49. Polotsk, 47. Pomerania, 5, 7, 205, 224, 229, 232, 245, 255, 258, 294-295, 299, 302, 313, 319, 336, 357, 363, 371. Pomponius Mela, 25. Ponte Corvo, 368. Pope, 69, 77, 78, 94, 97-98, 117, 121, 124, 126, 144. Porosalmie, battle of, 350. Porphyrogenitus. See Constantine P. Portugal, 45. Posse, Knut, 116, 118; Arvid, 407. Potatoes, 336. Powers, Continental, 187, 248, 250, 252, 319, 320, 344, 345, 372, 374, 378, 403, 418. Prague, 117, 210, 222, 228, 236, 258. Press, 231, 365, 376-377, 383, 384, 396, 397, 403, 404, 407, 428; law, 434-435. Pretenders, 55-56, 74, 75, 78, 147, 187-188. Priestley, 325. Priests, 98, 144. Primas of Sweden, 70. Printz, John, 232.