Biennial yellow sweet clover ordinarily is referred to in the seed
trade and among farmers in regions where it is grown simply as yellow
sweet clover. The plants of this species are somewhat more decumbent
the first year, and ordinarily with more deeply notched leaves than the
white-flowering species. Yellow sweet clover usually grows from 3 to 5
feet in height. This plant blooms from 10 to 14 days earlier than the
white species, and for this reason it is advisable to sow seed of both
plants when they are to be used for bee pasturage. On account of the
finer stems of yellow sweet clover it is preferred in some localities
for hay, but since it does not produce as much forage as white sweet
clover and there is much less demand for the seed, it constitutes only
a very small percentage of the total acreage. The much larger root
growth of the white species, as illustrated in figure 5, is desirable
because of the additional quantity of hummus added to the soil.
The seeds of the yellow species may usually be distinguished from those
of other species, as some of them are slightly mottled with purple. The
shape of the calyx, which is generally present on unhulled seed, and
the venation of the seed pods also distinguish it. (See fig, 1.)
ANNUAL YELLOW SWEET CLOVER.
Annual yellow sweet clover, more commonly known as sour clover or
bitter clover, is found chiefly in the South and Southwest. This plant
is considered a noxious weed in grain fields throughout the Southwest.
It is claimed that the flavor of the seed which is imparted to wheat
can not be removed. Bakers decidedly object to this flavor, stating
that it injures bread. Sour clover is grown rather extensively as a
green-manure crop in orchards in portions of Arizona and southern
California and when properly handled in these regions it has given
profitable results. As the seed is obtained from the screenings of
wheat, it is offered on the market at a very low price. Occasionally it
is sold for the yellow biennial sweet clover. Seed of this plant should
not be sown in any part of the United States except the extreme South
or Southwest, and then only as a green hay manure crop. Where it is
desired to plant sweet clover for pasturage or for the biennial white
or biennial yellow species should be used.
OTHER SPECIES OF SWEET CLOVER.
Thirteen species of sweet clover have been tested by the Office of
Forage-Crop Investigations to determine their economic value. With
the exception of white sweet clover, yellow biennial sweet clover, and
yellow annual sweet clover, but four species in the somewhat limited
tests have given sufficiently good results to merit special attention,
and none have so far proved superior to white sweet clover, which is
now extensively grown in many States.
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