The results obtained in these experiments show that night-flying
insects were much more active in pollinating sweet clover at Ames than
at Arlington. However, as the results obtained from the plants subject
to visitation by day-flying insects only were practically the same as
those obtained from plants which were subject to insect visitation at
all times, it is concluded that night-flying insects were not a factor
in the pollination of sweet clover at Arlington or at Ames in 1916.
FLOWERS POLLINATED ONLY BY DAY-FLYING INSECTS.
A cheesecloth-covered cage, 3 feet square and 3½ feet high, was
placed on July 7, 1916, over two sweet-clover plants at Arlington,
before any of the flowers opened. As the cover of this cage was
removed at 7.30 a. m. and replaced at 4.30 p. m. each day during the
experiment, the plants were subject to visitation by day-flying insects
only. As soon as all of the flowers on most of the racemes had bloomed,
and before any mature pods shattered, the racemes were removed from the
plants and the pods produced by each raceme counted. The two plants
produced a total of 544 racemes, with an average of 20.9 pods each.
This experiment was also conducted at Ames. One plant was protected
from insect visitation at night in August, 1916, with the result that
it produced 418 racemes, with an average of 41.11 pods each.
PLANTS PROTECTED FROM ALL INSECTS THAT COULD NOT PASS THROUGH A WIRE
SCREEN HAVING 14 MESHES TO THE LINEAR INCH.
It is well known that many small insects, and especially those
belonging to the family Syrphidæ and to the genus Halictus, frequent
sweet-clover flowers, but no records have been noted that show how
important these insects are as pollinators of this plant. In order to
obtain data on this subject a cage 12 feet square and 6½ feet high,
made of wire screen having 14 meshes to the linear inch, was placed
over a few plants at Ames, in July, 1916, before they began to bloom.
The base of the cage was buried several inches in the soil, so that
no insects could get into it. As these plants were growing in a field
where there was a sufficient supply of moisture at all times, they
made a growth of 5 to 6 feet. For this reason all the racemes were
collected from only a portion of one of the plants instead of from
the entire plant, as was done with the smaller ones inclosed in the
cheesecloth-covered cages. The branches selected contained 224 racemes,
with an average of 24.53 pods each. Many insects that were able to pass
through the wire netting were observed working on the flowers of the
inclosed plants.
A check plant, subject to visitation by all insects and growing within
a few yards of the cage, contained 264 racemes, with an average of
28.23 pods each.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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