Note that the rules, here laid down, are _arbitrary_, and only apply to Part I of my "Symbolic Logic." A Proposition of Relation, beginning with "Some", is henceforward to be understood as asserting that there are _some existing Things_, which, being Members of the Subject, are also Members of the Predicate; i.e. that _some existing Things_ are Members of _both_ Terms at once. Hence it is to be understood as implying that _each_ Term, taken by itself, is _Real_. [Thus, the Proposition "Some rich men are invalids" is to be understood as asserting that _some existing Things_ are "rich invalids". Hence it implies that _each_ of the two Classes, "rich men" and "invalids", taken by itself, is _Real_.] A Proposition of Relation, beginning with "No", is henceforward to be understood as asserting that there are _no existing Things_ which, being Members of the Subject, are also Members of the Predicate; i.e. that _no existing Things_ are Members of _both_ Terms at once. But this implies nothing as to the _Reality_ of either Term taken by itself. [Thus, the Proposition "No mermaids are milliners" is to be understood as asserting that _no existing Things_ are "mermaid-milliners". But this implies nothing as to the _Reality_, or the _Unreality_, of either of the two Classes, "mermaids" and "milliners", taken by itself. In this case as it happens, the Subject is _Imaginary_, and the Predicate _Real_.] A Proposition of Relation, beginning with "All", contains (see § 3) a similar Proposition beginning with "Some". Hence it is to be understood as implying that _each_ Term, taken by itself, is _Real_. [Thus, the Proposition "All hyænas are savage animals" contains the Proposition "Some hyænas are savage animals". Hence it implies that _each_ of the two Classes, "hyænas" and "savage animals", taken by itself, is _Real_.] pg020 § 5. _Translation of a Proposition of Relation into one or more Propositions of Existence._ We have seen that a Proposition of Relation, beginning with "Some," asserts that _some existing Things_, being Members of its Subject, are _also_ Members of its Predicate. Hence, it asserts that some existing Things are Members of _both_; i.e. it asserts that some existing Things are Members of the Class of Things which have _all_ the Attributes of the Subject and the Predicate. Hence, to translate it into a Proposition of Existence, we take "existing Things" as the new _Subject_, and Things, which have _all_ the Attributes of the Subject and the Predicate, as the new Predicate. Similarly for a Proposition of Relation beginning with "No". A Proposition of Relation, beginning with "All", is (as shown in § 3) equivalent to _two_ Propositions, one beginning with "Some" and the other with "No", each of which we now know how to translate. [Let us work a few Examples, to illustrate these Rules. (1)