For the opposite view, see Biedermann, Dogmatik, 638-647—“Only man, as finite spirit, is personal; God, as absolute spirit, is not personal. Yet in religion the mutual relations of intercourse and communion are always personal.... Personality is the only adequate term by which we can represent the theistic conception of God.” Bruce, Providential Order, 76—“Schopenhauer does not level up cosmic force to the human, but levels down human will-force to the cosmic. Spinoza held intellect in God to be no more like man’s than the dog-star is like a dog. Hartmann added intellect to Schopenhauer’s will, but the intellect is unconscious and knows no moral distinctions.” See also Bruce, Apologetics, 71-90; Bowne, Philos. of Theism, 128-134, 171-186; J. M. Whiton, Am. Jour. Theol., Apl. 1901:306—Pantheism = God consists in all things; Theism = All things consist in God, their ground, not their sum. Spirit in man shows that the infinite Spirit must be personal and transcendent Mind and Will. IV. Ethical Monism. Ethical Monism is that method of thought which holds to a single substance, ground, or principle of being, namely, God, but which also holds to the ethical facts of God’s transcendence as well as his immanence, and of God’s personality as distinct from, and as guaranteeing, the personality of man. Although we do not here assume the authority of the Bible, reserving our proof of this to the next following division on The Scriptures a Revelation from God, we may yet cite passages which show that our doctrine is not inconsistent with the teachings of holy Writ. The immanence of God is implied in all statements of his omnipresence, as for example: _Ps. 139:7 sq.—_“Whither shall I go from thy spirit? Or whither shall I flee from thy presence?” _Jer. 23:23, 24—_“Am I a God at hand, saith Jehovah, and not a God afar off?... Do not I fill heaven and earth?” _Acts 17:27, 28—_“he is not far from each one of us: for in him we live, and move, and have our being.” The transcendence of God is implied in such passages as: _1 Kings 8:27—_“the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee”; _Ps. 113:5—_“that hath his seat on high”; _Is. 57:15—_“the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity.”