[Illustration: FIG. 11. Distribution of _Melonycteris aurantius_ [BC] and _M. woodfordi_ [LW]. For names of islands see Fig. 2.] =Melonycteris aurantius= Phillips 1966. _Melonycteris aurantius_ Phillips, Jour. Mamm., 47:23-27, March 12, type from Florida Island, additional specimens from Choiseul Island. _Specimens examined_ (six females; three in alcohol).--Florida in October, 24440; Choiseul in March, 23615, 23617, 23558, 23694, 23681. _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six females are as follows: Length of head and body, 80.8 (77-106); hind foot, 17.2 (16.0-18.7); ear, 12.7 (11.5-14.0); length of forearm, 49.3 (42.9-53.8). Average and extreme measurements of skulls of five females are as follows: Greatest length of skull, 31.8 (30.8-33.3); condylobasal length, 29.7 (28.6-32.4); zygomatic breadth, 18 (17.2-20.0); breadth of braincase, 12.6 (12.4-13.2); postorbital breadth, 8.3 (8.0-8.9); length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.1 (9.4-10.4); length of mandibular tooth-row, 11.7 (10.8-12.2). _Remarks._--On Choiseul Island _Melonycteris aurantius_ was taken at the same locality as its congener, _Melonycteris woodfordi_. Externally, _M. aurantius_ resembles _M. woodfordi_. These species are the same size, but the former is brighter in color (nearly orange in adults) than the latter, which is Wood-Brown dorsally. Internally, differences between _M. aurantius_ and _M. woodfordi_ are more obvious. In the skull of _M. aurantius_, the postorbital region is expanded (measuring about 8.3), whereas in _M. woodfordi_ the postorbital region is constricted. Furthermore, in lateral aspect the posterior portion of the skull of _M. aurantius_ is down-turned and the angle of the facial axis with the basicranial axis is much more acute than in _M. woodfordi_. The number of upper incisors is highly variable in the six specimens of _M. aurantius_ that I have examined. In two specimens an extra tooth has erupted just anterior to I2 and there is a total of six upper incisors. In two other specimens an extra tooth has erupted in front of I2 on one side but not the other. I could find no trace of an extra tooth in the remaining two specimens. Practically nothing is known about the natural history of _M. aurantius_, or, indeed, that of either of the other two species of this genus. One field collector (Temple, _in litt._) for the Bishop Museum reported that he obtained both _M. aurantius_ and _M. woodfordi_ in the same mist net in one night. The holotype, an adult female, was lactating when obtained in October. =Melonycteris woodfordi= (Thomas)