4'. Uropatagium absent; no claw on second phalanx of second digit; no tail =Melonycteris=, p. 814 5(3'). Entire back set with hair; wing membranes not meeting at middle of back =Pteropus=, p. 793 5'. Back naked; wing membranes meeting at middle of back, =Pteralopex=, p. 790 6(2'). Nostrils having definite tubelike extensions =Nyctimene=, p. 817 6'. Nostrils lacking tubelike extensions 7 7(6'). Forearm less than 80; large, sharp claw on second phalanx of second digit; four upper incisors =Rousettus=, p. 787 7'. Forearm more than 90; small, blunt claw on second phalanx of second digit; two upper incisors =Dobsonia=, p. 807 Family PTEROPODIDAE Subfamily Pteropodinae Rousettus Gray 1821. _Rousettus_ Gray, London Medical Repository, 15:299, April 1. 1843. _Xantharpyia_ Gray, List of species ... British Museum, p. 37. 1852. _Cynonycteris_ Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, p. 25. The genus _Rousettus_ occurs throughout the tropical regions of the Old World, and in the Solomons is readily distinguished from all other megachiropteran genera by having both a small claw on the second digit and free caudal vertebrae. The oriental species have been divided into two groups on the basis of size (Tate, 1942:344). The subspecies _Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri_ appears to be the sole representative of this genus in the Solomon Islands. Prior to 1953, several workers (Thomas, 1887b:323, 1888b:475; Matschie, 1899:68; Sanborn, 1931:11) used the name _Rousettus amplexicaudatus brachyotis_ for it, but Pohle (1953) suggested that the specimens from the Solomons recorded by earlier workers were _R. a. hedigeri_ named by him on the basis of the specimen that he saw from Bougainville. =Rousettus amplexicaudatus= _Rousettus amplexicaudatus_ has at least three subspecies, one of which is endemic to the Solomon Islands. The species is wide-ranging, being known from as far west as Thailand (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966:93) and as far east as the Solomons. [Illustration: FIG. 3. Distribution of _Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri_. For names of islands see Fig. 2.] =Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri= Pohle 1953. _Rousettus amplexicaudatus hedigeri_ Pohle, Z. Säugetierk., 17:127, October 27, type from Bougainville. 1887. _Cynonycteris brachyotis_, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 323, March 15; 1888, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 475, December 4, from Fauro. 1889. _Xantharpyia brachyotis_, Matschie, Die Megachiroptera ... naturkunde, p. 68, from Guadalcanal.