=Observers’ Duties.= Every effort should be made to obtain information of the enemy, his trenches, and his wire entanglements. Any alteration in the enemy’s lines must immediately be reported. The importance of forwarding such information must be impressed upon all ranks. This duty is carried out by observers. All men of the company are used as sentinels in the first line or as watchers in other lines, but not all are observers. Men who are to act as observers receive special training. A man to become an observer must have a special capacity for this task. Each platoon should have at least six such observers, enough for proper reliefs. The observers are placed: 1. In each company the observers are distributed in a number of observation posts properly camouflaged so as not to be discovered by the enemy. These posts may be in advance of the firing line, in the firing line, or at any point within the position that has a wide view of the front. The observers employ periscopes or field glasses. Everything of note that is observed is recorded and from these data the captain makes out his daily observation report. 2. Also in the sector there are 2 or 3 observatories from which the information is turned in directly to the colonel. These posts must be properly concealed and protected. In each one of these we find the following: (_a_) Regulations posted that give the personnel, tour of duty, sector of observation, direction to special points of interest, and certain precautionary measures. (_b_) Specially prepared blank forms upon which to record information gained by observation. (_c_) Field glasses, maps and sketches, and panoramic views of the ground in front, both visible and invisible from the observation posts. (_d_) A telephone connecting the post with the nearest command post (center of resistance or sector). The observers in these posts are directly under command of the intelligence officers of the regiment and are of a special personnel. They must be thoroughly familiar with the regulations of the posts, maps, panorama, etc. The intelligence officer collects and coordinates all information gathered in the sector. Every morning he turns in a consolidated report made up from the information in the captains’ daily reports and from the records of the sector observatories. (In order to avoid confusion of the different daily reports these information records are kept on two different colored blanks, red and blue alternating each day.) The report of the intelligence officer is signed by the colonel and sent on to the brigade headquarters. From the data of his complete report the intelligence officer very often must verify certain information by the use of patrols. For this purpose he makes a request upon the colonel for special patrols. Information is gathered from both airplanes and ground observatories. From ground observatories it is attempted to obtain the following data; 1. To ascertain the intentions of the enemy.