=12. The Employment of Reserves= 394 Launching or withholding reserves 395 =13. The Conduct of the Leaders in Action= 399 =14. United Action Versus Tactical Missions= 401 The attack on the “Tannenwäldchen” at Colombey Aug. 14, 1870 402, 403 The attack on Grugies (St. Quentin) 403 The dangers of assigning tasks 405 =XI. THE DEFENSE= 408 =1. The Passive Defense= 409 =2. The Defense Seeking a Decision= 409 Troops required to occupy the position 410 Division of the position into sections 411 Advanced positions 413 =3. Fortifying the Position= 415 Battalion groups 417 Observation of the foreground 420 Clearing the foreground 421 Dummy intrenchments and masks 421 Cover trenches and communicating trenches 421 Obstacles 422 Russian views 422 =4. The Conduct of the Defense= 423 Protection of the flanks 425 Employment of machine guns 425 Occupation of the position 426 =5. The Counter-Attack= 428 Position of the general reserve 429 The moment for making the counter-attack 432 The counter-attack after the position is carried 433 The counter-attack in conjunction with a movement to the rear 434 Frontal counter-attack 436 Provisions of various regulations 438 =XII. THE RETREAT= 440 Breaking off an action 441 Rallying positions 442 =XIII. CONTAINING ACTIONS= 445 The delaying action and the holding attack 445