Produced by Gardner Buchanan This ebook was created by Gardner Buchanan. CHRONICLES OF CANADA Edited by George M. Wrong and H. H. Langton In thirty-two volumes Volume 17 TECUMSEH A Chronicle of the last Great Leader of his People By ETHEL T. RAYMOND TORONTO, 1915 CONTENTS I. THE BOYHOOD OF TECUMSEH II. THE BAPTISM OF FIRE III. A LEADER AMONG HIS PEOPLE IV. THE PROPHET V. A GIFTED ORATOR VI. THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE VII. UNDER THE BRITISH FLAG VIII. FIGHTING ON AMERICAN SOIL IX. THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE X. TECUMSEH'S LAST FIGHT BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE CHAPTER I THE BOYHOOD OF TECUMSEH Three Indian figures stand out in bold relief on the background of Canadian history--the figures of Pontiac, Brant, and Tecumseh. The Ottawa chief Pontiac was the friend of the French, and, when the French suffered defeat, he plotted and fought to drive the English from the Indian country. Brant, the Mohawk, took the king's side against the Americans in the War of Independence, and finally led his defeated people to Canada that they might have homes on British soil. And Tecumseh threw in his lot with the British in the War of 1812 and gave his life in their service. But, while Pontiac fought for the French and Brant and Tecumseh for the British, it was for the lost cause of their own people that all three were really fighting; and it was for this that they spent themselves in vain. Tecumseh, whose story we are to tell in this volume, sprang from the Shawnees, an energetic and warlike tribe of Algonquian stock. The Algonquins, whose tribal branches were scattered from Labrador to the Rockies and from Hudson Bay to North Carolina, believed that a deity presided over each of the four cardinal points of the compass. Shawan was the guardian spirit of the South; and, as the tribe to which Tecumseh belonged formerly lived south of the other tribes, its members became known as Shawanoes, or Shawnees--that is, Southerners. Little is known of the history of the Shawnees, for they were restless bands, greater wanderers even than the generality of Indians, and their continual change of settlement baffles historical research. Upon the southern shores of Lake Erie, on the banks of the Ohio, and along the broad Mississippi, at different times they pitched their tents. The name of the river Suwanee, or 'Swanee,' corrupted from their own, marks their abode at one time in Georgia and Florida. The Shawnees were originally divided into twelve clans, each clan adopting as its totem a reptile, bird, or animal that at some time had been regarded as a benign spirit. As a result of continual wars and wandering, however, the twelve clans had dwindled to four. Only the Mequachake, Chillicothe, Piqua, and Kiscopoke remained. In the first of these, which conducted all tribal rites, the chiefship was hereditary; in the other three it was the reward of merit.