The objections which applied to the large reflecting instruments of Herschel, Lassell, and Rosse scarcely operate with the same force in regard to the great refractors of the present day, and for these reasons:—Refractors are somewhat less sensitive to atmospheric disturbances than reflectors. The modern instruments are mounted in much improved style, and placed in localities selected for their reception. In fact, all that the optician’s art can do to perfect such appliances has been done, and Nature herself has been consulted as to essentials; for we find the most powerful refractor of all erected on the summit of Mount Hamilton, where the skies are clear and Urania ever smiles invitingly. Some observers who have obtained experience both with large and small telescopes aver that, even on a bright planet, they can see more, and often see it much better, with the larger glasses. But we rarely, if ever, find them saying they can discern anything which is absolutely beyond the reach of small instruments. It would be much more satisfactory evidence of the super-excellence of the former if definite features could be detected which are quite beyond the reach of telescopes of inferior size; but we seldom meet with experiences of this kind, and the inference is obvious. There is undoubtedly a certain aperture which combines in itself sufficient light-grasping power with excellent definition. It takes a position midway between great illuminating power and bad definition on the one hand, and feeble illuminating power and sharp definition on the other. Such an aperture must form the best working instrument in an average situation upon ordinary nights and ordinary objects. M. Wolf fixes this aperture at about 15 inches, and he is probably near the truth. The quaint Dr. Kitchener, who, early in the present century, made a number of trials with fifty-one telescopes, entertained a very poor opinion of big instruments. In his book on ‘Telescopes,’ he says:—“Immense telescopes are only about as useful as the enormous spectacles suspended over the doors of opticians.” ... “Astronomical amateurs should rather seek for _perfect_ instruments than _large_ ones. What good can a great deal of bad light do?”