Terrestrial and Celestial Globes Volume 2: Their History and Construction Including a Consideration of their Value as Aids in the Study of Geography and AstronomyStevenson, Edward Luther
History
Terrestrial and Celestial Globes Volume 2: Their History and Construction Including a Consideration of their Value as Aids in the Study of Geography and Astronomy
Stevenson, Edward Luther
Geography -- History; Globes
The Atheneo of Brescia possesses an armillary sphere, having on one of
its armillae an inscription which tells us that it was constructed by
Gian Battista Alberti in the year 1688, for Count Martinengo.[85] The
graduated horizon circle, on which appear the names of the sixteen
principal winds or directions, rests upon two semicircles, which in turn
rest on a support of brass ornamented by six allegorical figures. In
this supporting base there has been placed a compass. Its graduated hour
circle is furnished with a movable index, such as had become common in
globe construction. Five prominent circles represent the equator, the
tropics, and the polar circles, to which is added a zodiacal band which
is graduated and bears the names and the symbolical figures of the
twelve constellations, and the names of the months. Two rings for the
purpose of indicating celestial latitude and longitude are placed within
the above-named circles and carry representations of the sun and the
moon.
A contemporary of Alberti, Giovanni Maccari of Mirandola, likewise a
maker of armillary spheres, is known to us through one only, but a fine
example of his work.[86] This sphere belongs to the Liceo Spallanzi of
Regio Emilia. The meridian circle, having a diameter of about 16 cm., is
graduated both for latitude and co-latitude by fives. Adjusted to this
meridian is a circle representing the colures, likewise graduated both
for latitude and co-latitude, but by tens, and adjusted to these are the
polar circles, the tropics, and the equator. On the zodiacal circle are
engraved the names of the twelve constellations, the names of the days,
and on the inner surface the inscription “Joannes Maccarius Mirandulanus
Feccit 1689.” The supporting base is triangular in shape, having a
compass placed in the center. Within the three angles of this base
shields have been placed, the one bearing the inscription “Anno Domini
1689,” the second the name “Jo Vulpis Mirandulanus Domᵘˢ,” by whom the
work was probably ordered; the third has a representation of a fox, the
emblem of the Volpi family. In addition to the above the base is
ornamented with a bronze scroll, to the points of which are attached
semicircles which support the horizon circle. This circle has a diameter
of about 15 cm., on which are engraved the usual zodiacal names and
signs, the names of the months, and of the principal winds or
directions. An hour circle is placed at the south pole with a movable
index, and within, at the common center of the circles, a small sphere
to represent the terrestrial globe, through which the polar axis is made
to pass.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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