INDEX 302 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS _Face page_ A pair of Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers attacking a Great Spotted Woodpecker _Frontispiece_ Territorial flight of the Black-tailed Godwit 54 Competition for territory is seldom more severe than among cliff-breeding seabirds, and the efforts of individual Razorbills to secure positions on the crowded ledges lead to desperate struggles 64 Male Blackbirds fighting for the possession of territory. The bare skin on the crown of the defeated bird shows the nature of the injuries from which it succumbed 74 Male Cuckoos fighting before the arrival of a female 82 Two pairs of Pied Wagtails fighting in defence of their territories 86 Long-tailed Tit: males fighting for the possession of territory. The feathers have been torn from the crown of the defeated and dying rival 96 A battle between two pairs of Jays 106 The Female Chaffinch shares in the defence of the territory and attacks other females 110 Peregrine Falcon attacking a Raven 216 A battle between a pair of Green Woodpeckers and a Great Spotted Woodpecker for the possession of a hole in an oak-tree 238 Plans of the Water-meadow showing the Territories occupied by Lapwings in 1915 and 1916 _Between_ 58 and 59 SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF BIRDS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT Raven _Corvus corax._ Carrion-Crow _Corvus corone._ Hooded Crow _Corvus cornix._ Rook _Corvus frugilegus._ Magpie _Pica pica._ Jay _Garrulus glandarius rufitergum._ Chough _Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax._ Starling _Sturnus vulgaris._ Greenfinch _Chloris chloris._ Hawfinch _Coccothraustes coccothraustes._ House-Sparrow _Passer domesticus._ Chaffinch _Fringilla cœlebs._ Brambling _Fringilla montifringilla._ Linnet _Acanthis cannabina._ Corn-Bunting _Emberiza calandra._ Yellow Bunting _Emberiza citrinella._ Cirl Bunting _Emberiza cirlus._ Reed-Bunting _Emberiza schœniclus._ Sky-Lark _Alauda arvensis._ Pied Wagtail _Motacilla lugubris._ Tree-Pipit _Anthus trivialis._